Table 4.
Self-reported nutrient intakes between groups.
| Variable | Baseline | Week 6 | Week 12 | ANCOVA p-Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | ||||
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | Time p < 0.001 G*T p = 0.865 |
|||
| PLA | 2109 ± 166 | 2756 ± 236 * | 2812 ± 232 * | |
| LEU | 1835 ± 116 | 2303 ± 165 * | 2488 ± 132 * | |
| WPC | 1866 ± 115 | 2305 ± 116 * | 2389 ± 177 * | |
| WPH | 2039 ± 149 | 2611 ± 156 * | 2617 ± 144 * | |
| SPC | 1853 ± 136 | 2461 ± 129 * | 2611 ± 158 * | |
| Protein intake (g/day; g/kg/day) | ||||
| PLA | 94 ± 7; 1.2 ± 0.1 | 109 ± 8c; 1.3 ± 0.1 b | 111 ± 11b; 1.3 ± 0.1 b | Time p < 0.001 G*T p < 0.001 |
| LEU | 87 ± 6; 1.2 ± 0.1 | 96 ± 8c; 1.3 ± 0.1 b | 108 ± 10 *,b; 1.4 ± 0.1 b | |
| WPC | 88 ± 6; 1.1 ± 0.1 | 142 ± 5 *,a; 1.8 ± 0.1 *,a | 145 ± 6 *,a; 1.8 ± 0.1 *,a,b | |
| WPH | 94 ± 8; 1.2 ± 0.1 | 160 ± 7 *,a,b; 2.0 ± 0.1 *,a | 153 ± 7 *,a; 1.9 ± 0.1 *,a | |
| SPC | 88 ± 6; 1.1 ± 0.1 | 176 ± 7 *,b; 2.1 ± 0.1 *,a | 179 ± 10; 2.1 ± 0.1 *,a | |
| Carbohydrate intake (g/day; g/kg/day) | ||||
| PLA | 244 ± 23; 3.1 ± 0.3 | 337 ± 21 *,a; 4.2 ± 0.3 *,a,b | 348 ± 29 *,a; 4.2 ± 0.3 *,a | Time p < 0.001 G*T p = 0.002 |
| LEU | 206 ± 17; 2.8 ± 0.3 | 303 ± 24 *,a,b; 4.0 ± 0.4 *,a | 310 ± 21 *,a,b; 4.1 ± 0.4 *,a,b | |
| WPC | 215 ± 14; 2.8 ± 0.3 | 231 ± 18b; 2.9 ± 0.3 b | 244 ± 16 *,b; 3.0 ± 0.2 b | |
| WPH | 208 ± 20; 2.7 ± 0.3 | 247 ± 15 *,b; 3.1 ± 0.3 *,a,b | 255 ± 16 *,b; 3.3 ± 0.3 *,a,b | |
| SPC | 203 ± 18; 2.6 ± 0.3 | 238 ± 16 *,b; 2.9 ± 0.2 b | 256 ± 20 *,b; 3.1 ± 0.3 *,a,b | |
| Fat intake (g/day; g/kg/day) | ||||
| PLA | 83 ± 9; 1.1 ± 0.1 | 106 ± 12 *; 1.3 ± 0.1 | 110 ± 12 *; 1.3 ± 0.1 * | Time p < 0.001 G*T p = 0.549 |
| LEU | 73 ± 5; 1.0 ± 0.1 | 79 ± 5; 1.0 ± 0.1 | 92 ± 6; 1.2 ± 0.1 | |
| WPC | 71 ± 5; 0.9 ± 0.1 | 87 ± 5 *; 1.1 ± 0.1 * | 93 ± 12; 1.2 ± 0.1 | |
| WPH | 81 ± 6; 1.1 ± 0.1 | 102 ± 9 *; 1.3 ± 0.2 | 101 ± 7; 1.3 ± 0.1 | |
| SPC | 73 ± 6; 0.9 ± 0.1 | 90 ± 7 *; 1.1 ± 0.1 * | 101 ± 10 *; 1.2 ± 0.1 * | |
Legend: Values are means ± SE. Symbols: *, indicate within-group increases from baseline (p < 0.05); values that do not share superscript (a,b,c) letters represent between-group significance at a given time point (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: PLA, maltodextrin placebo; LEU, L-leucine; WPC, whey protein concentrate; WPH, whey protein hydrolysate; SPC, soy protein concentrate; G*T, group*time interaction.