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. 2017 Sep 6;9(9):981. doi: 10.3390/nu9090981

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Hepatic steatosis develops when lipid input exceeds lipid output. Lipid input consists of (i) de novo lipogenesis from (primarily carbohydrate) precursors, (ii) re-esterification of lipolysis-derived fatty acids (FA) and glycerol, and (iii) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-mediated endocytosis of remnant-triglycerides. Lipid output consists of (i) β-oxidation and (ii) secretion of triglycerides in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles. Other abbreviation: GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; GLUT8, glucose transporter 8.