Table 4.
Comparing characteristics of participants across two extreme quartiles for each dietary pattern score during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood a.
| Childhood | Adolescence | Adulthood | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (n = 25) | Quartile 4 (n = 25) | Quartile 1 (n = 30) | Quartile 4 (n = 30) | Quartile 1 (n = 31) | Quartile 4 (n = 31) | |
| Vegetarian-style | ||||||
| Sex (% Females) | 28.0 | 52.0 | 26.7 | 73.3 * | 41.9 | 48.4 |
| Height (cm) | 154.5 ± 6 | 156.0 ± 7 | 173.9 ± 9 | 171.2 ± 9 | 173.1 ± 9 | 172.7 ± 9 |
| Weight (kg) | 45.3 ± 8 | 46.6 ± 8 | 64.9 ± 12 | 64.4 ± 14 | 82.6 ± 19 | 73.9 ± 13 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 10.6 ± 7 | 11.8 ± 5 | 12.5 ± 6 | 16.7 ± 9 | 24.6 ± 14 | 18.0 ± 7 * |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.8 ± 3 | 18.9 ± 2 | 21.3 ± 3 | 21.8 ± 4 | 27.6 ± 6 | 24.6 ± 3 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1887 ± 371 | 1888 ± 473 | 2526 ± 897 | 1799 ± 672 * | 2651 ± 1052 | 2112 ± 783 |
| PA score | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.5 * |
| Western-like | ||||||
| Sex (% Females) | 36.0 | 56.0 | 23.3 | 46.7 | 41.9 | 38.7 |
| Height (cm) | 155.7 ± 7.1 | 154.0 ± 7.0 | 173.6 ± 9.0 | 170.7 ± 11.5 | 174.8 ± 10.7 | 174.5 ± 9.7 |
| Weight (kg) | 43.8 ± 6.5 | 44.0 ± 7.5 | 64.6 ± 11.6 | 63.1 ± 15.0 | 75.0 ± 16.6 | 83.0 ± 18.1 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 8.85 ± 2.8 | 11.8 ± 5.8 * | 12.0 ± 6.0 | 15.1 ± 9.1 | 19.6 ± 9.1 | 25.1 ± 12.8 * |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.9 ± 1.8 | 18.4 ± 2.6 | 21.3 ± 3.1 | 21.5 ± 4.1 | 24.4 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 6.5 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1949 ± 407 | 1764 ± 439 | 2437 ± 760 | 2100 ± 1032 | 2585 ± 807 | 2192 ± 722 * |
| PA score | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.5 |
| High-fat, high-protein | ||||||
| Sex (% Females) | 56.0 | 28.0 | 60.0 | 30.0 * | 58.1 | 35.5 |
| Height (cm) | 154.8 ± 7.1 | 152.9 ± 5.5 | 169.4 ± 10.5 | 170.2 ± 8.3 | 171.3 ± 8.7 | 175.7 ± 9.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 47.5 ± 8.6 | 42.3 ± 5.8 ** | 64.0 ± 13.8 | 59.2 ± 10.5 ** | 74.7 ± 14.1 | 75.3 ± 14.0 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 13.1 ± 6.9 | 9.08 ± 3.8* | 17.3 ± 9.7 | 10.9 ± 5.1 * | 21.7 ± 9.4 | 18.1 ± 8.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.6 ± 3.0 | 18.0 ± 2.2 * | 22.2 ± 4.5 | 20.3 ± 2.8 * | 25.5 ± 4.8 | 24.3 ± 3.8 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1831 ± 377 | 1768 ± 375 | 1919 ± 760 | 2339 ± 770 | 1894 ± 680 | 2595 ± 968 ** |
| PA score | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.6 |
| Mixed | ||||||
| Sex (% Females) | 20.0 | 64.0 ** | 23.3 | 56.7 * | 25.8 | 41.9 |
| Height (cm) | 156.5 ± 7.7 | 156.3 ± 7.7 | 174.0 ± 10.3 | 169.9 ± 7.6 | 176.1 ± 9.0 | 174.9 ± 9.8 |
| Weight (kg) | 47.4 ± 6.7 | 49.4 ± 10.0 | 67.0 ± 14.0 | 61.9 ± 9.8 | 84.5 ± 16.5 | 78.3 ± 20.4 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 10.4 ± 4.3 | 15.5 ± 7.6 | 13.9 ± 7.7 | 15.4 ± 7.3 | 24.1 ± 12.2 | 20.8 ± 12.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.2 ± 2.2 | 20.0 ± 3.7 | 21.9 ± 3.4 | 21.4 ± 2.7 | 27.2 ± 5.1 | 25.5 ± 7.0 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1772 ± 372 | 1752 ± 410 | 2142 ± 842 | 1950 ± 655 | 2459 ± 794 | 2471 ± 969 |
| PA score | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.6 |
| Snack | ||||||
| Sex (% Females) | 60.0 | 36.0 | 56.7 | 43.3 | 32.3 | 45.2 |
| Height (cm) | 153.8 ± 7.4 | 155.3 ± 6.1 | 170.4 ± 10.1 | 171.1 ± 10.1 | 174 ± 9.2 | 172.7 ± 11.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 45.5 ± 8.7 | 44.6 ± 6.2 | 64.1 ± 11.9 | 64.7 ± 14.0 | 78.1 ± 15.4 | 79.4 ± 16.0 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 12.3 ± 6.4 | 10.7 ± 4.8 | 15.9 ± 9.3 | 15.7 ± 8.1 | 19.6 ± 10.1 | 24.2 ± 14.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.1 ± 3.0 | 18.4 ± 2.2 | 22.0 ± 4.1 | 21.9 ± 4.1 | 25.7 ± 5.0 | 26.9 ± 7.0 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1888 ± 460 | 1802 ± 363 | 2002 ± 852 | 2131 ± 772 | 2505 ± 983 | 2192 ± 706 |
| PA score | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.6 |
a Values are proportion for sex (females %) and mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables. Fisher’s exact test for proportion of females (%); Multivariate analysis of covariance for continuous variables adjusted for age and sex with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used. * Significantly different from quartile one (p value < 0.05), ** significantly different from quartile one (p value < 0.01). BMI, body mass index; PA, physical activity.