| AMPKα | AMP-activated protein kinase α |
| FoxO3a | Forkhead box O3 |
| MAFbx | Muscle atrophy f-box/atrogin-1 |
| MuRF1 | Muscle RING-finger protein 1 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κB |
| OLG | Oligonol |
| ORO | Oil red O |
| PA | Palmitate |
| PPARα | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α |
| SIRT1 | Sirtuin1 |
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