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Chemical structures of phenolic acids, adapted from the database “Polyphenol content in foods” (http://phenol-explorer.eu). Gallic acid and vanillin acid belongs to benzoic acids subclass, characterized by a backbone composed of 7 carbons (C6-C1). Caffeic acid, ferric acid and p-coumaric acid represent the cinnamic acids subclass and exhibit a backbone composed of 9 carbons (C6-C3) [1].
