Table 1. Baseline characteristics of Omega participants, environmental study subcohort participants, and gestational diabetes cases and controls in the current study.
| Omega overall n=4,011 | Environmental study subcohort n=767 | GDM cases n=36 | Controls n=80 | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean maternal age, years (SD) | 32.6 (4.6) | 32.7 (4.4) | 34.3 (3.6) | 32.9 (4.4) | 0.101 |
| Mean gestational age at blood draw, weeks (SD) | 15.6 (3.0) | 16.0 (2.6) | 15.1 (2.9) | 16.5 (2.3) | 0.0098 |
| Median pre-pregnancy body-mass index, kg/m2 (Q1-Q3) | 22.4 (4.6) | 22.5 (4.6) | 25.5 (6.7) | 21.7 (4.1) | 0.0003 |
| Mean gestational weight gain**, kg (SD) | 16.0 (6.1) | 16.1 (6.0) | 12.4 (7.8) | 15.9 (5.6) | 0.001 |
| Mean gestational age at delivery, weeks | 38.3 (4.0) | 38.4 (3.3) | 38.2 (1.7) | 38.9 (1.3) | 0.0196 |
| Overweight/obese, % yes (n) | 27 (1073) | 27 (210) | 53 (19) | 16 (13) | <0.0001 |
| Singleton pregnancy, % yes (n) | 96 (3,807) | 96 (733) | 100 (36) | 100 (80) | — |
| Primiparous, % yes (n) | 38 (1,525) | 36 (279) | 39 (14) | 34 (27) | 0.592 |
| Married, % yes (n) | 85 (3,404) | 88 (675) | 86 (31) | 86 (69) | 0.984 |
| Race, % white (n) | 86 (3,412) | 86 (655) | 67 (24) | 80 (63) | 0.130 |
| High school education or less, % (n) | 4 (153) | 2 (18) | 3 (1) | 3 (2) | 0.898 |
| Smoked during pregnancy, % (n) | 6 (217) | 5 (39) | 9 (3) | 8 (6) | 0.835 |
| Offspring sex, % male (n) | 51 (1,903) | 51 (373) | 61 (22) | 50 (39) | 0.269 |
*
p-value from t-test or chi-squared test comparing means or proportions among GDM cases and controls in the current study