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Conceptual model for causal mediation analysis showing the relation between arsenic exposure and birthweight considering gestational age a mediator. Covariates include maternal age, education, enrollment BMI, number of past pregnancies, blood hemoglobin, secondhand smoking, and infant gender. Respective path co-efficient for the association between arsenic-birthweight, gestational age-birthweight, and arsenic-gestational age are given by θ1, θ2, and β1, respectively.
