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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2017 Jul 13;153(4):948–960.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.051

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Bacterial passage through colonic biopsies from 32 patients irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 15 healthy controls (HC) mounted in Ussing chambers for 120 min. (A) Passage of live E. coli HS and Salmonella typhimurium. Comparisons were done with Mann-Whitney U test, ***p<0.0005 vs. HC. (B). Representative scanning electron micrographs of E. coli and Salmonella on the surface of the colonic epithelium and representative confocal micrographs illustrating bacterial uptake (white arrows) into the mucosa of IBS colon, after incubation. (C) Transmission electron micrographs illustrating interaction of Salmonella (black arrows) and microvilli (white arrows); a transversal section where interaction is shown; and bacterial uptake through endocytosis (note double membrane) at the apical side of the epithelium. (D) Intestinal bacteria quantified by Giemsa staining. Arrows indicate two bacteria just entering the epithelium in an IBS sample.