Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Child ADHD Status
| Comparison (n = 44) | ADHD (n = 40) | Total (n=84) | Test Statistic | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Characteristics | ||||||
| Child Gender n (%) | 5.56 | .02 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Male | 22 (50.0) | 30 (75.0) | 52 (61.9) | |||
| Female | 22 (50.0) | 10 (25.0) | 32 (38.1) | |||
| Child Age M (SD) | 7.0 (1.7) | 8.0 (1.6) | 7.4 (1.7) | −2.8 | .00 | |
|
| ||||||
| Race n (%) | 2.18 | .70 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Caucasian | 16 (36.4) | 16 (40.0) | 32 (38.1) | |||
| African-American | 9 (20.5) | 9 (22.5) | 18 (21.4) | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) | |||
| Asian | 2 (4.5) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (3.6) | |||
| Multiracial | 15 (34.1) | 14 (35.0) | 29 (34.5) | |||
| Parent Reported Child Symptoms (SD) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Inattentive | .80 (1.6) | 7.2 (2.3) | 3.7 (3.7) | −14.6 | .00 | |
| H/I | 1.6 (1.9) | 5.8 (2.5) | 3.5 (3.0) | −8.4 | .00 | |
| ODD/CD | .64 (1.5) | 3.1 (3.2) | 1.8 (2.7) | −4.5 | .00 | |
| Impairment | .66 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.5) | −9.1 | .00 | |
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||||
| Married n (%) | 36 (42.9) | 29 (34.5) | 65 (77.4) | 2.24 | .53 | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal Age M (SD) | 39.8 (5.8) | 40.7 (6.0) | 40.2 (5.9) | −.67 | .19 | |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal ADHD Symptoms (SD) | Inattentive | .57 (1.04) | 1.55 (2.31) | 1.04 (1.82) | −2.47 | 0.02 |
|
| ||||||
| H/I | 1.16 (1.57) | 1.38 (1.71) | 1.26 (1.63) | −0.6 | 0.55 | |
| Family Income (SD) | $119,536.6 (62,561.2) | $101,281.2 (58,896.6) | $110,877.0 (61,148.6) | .005 | .94 | |
|
| ||||||
| Race n (%) | 5.9 | .21 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Caucasian | 21 (47.7) | 19 (47.5) | 40 (47.6) | |||
| African-American | 12 (27.3) | 10 (25.0) | 22 (26.2) | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.6) | |||
| Asian | 5 (11.4) | 3 (7.5) | 8 (9.5) | |||
| Multiracial | 3 (6.8) | 8 (20.0) | 11 (13.1) | |||
| Maternal Education n (%) | 18.7 | .01 | ||||
|
| ||||||
| High School or Less | 0 (0.0) | 5 (12.5) | 5 (6.0) | |||
| Some College | 1 (2.3) | 10 (25.0) | 11 (13.1) | |||
| Bachelor’s | 14 (31.8) | 9 (22.5) | 23 (27.4) | |||
| Master’s | 21 (47.7) | 12 (30.0) | 33 (39.3) | |||
| Doctorate | 8 (18.2) | 4 (10.0) | 12 (14.3) | |||
| Scaffolding M (SD) | 4.77 (0.34) | 4.56 (0.46) | 4.67 (0.42) | 2.35 | .02 | |
|
| ||||||
| Hotel Test time deviation M (SD) | 313.27 (171.38) | 285.55 (158.35) | 300.07 (164.90) | .77 | .45 | |
|
| ||||||
| Hotel Test activity attempts M (SD) | 4.23 (1.08) | 4.55 (.85) | 4.38 (.98) | −1.52 | .13 | |
|
| ||||||
| BDEFS M (SD) | 123.09 (29.00) | 149.91 (51.21) | 136.70 (43.61) | −2.67 | .01 | |
|
| ||||||
| Digit Span M (SD) | 100.00 (14.24) | 99.00 (11.33) | 99.51 (12.74) | .24 | .81 | |
Note. M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; ADHD = Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; H/I = Hyperactive/Impulsive; CD= Conduct Disorder; and ODD= Oppositional Defiant Disorder; BDEFS = Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale