Table 4.
Associations of subject characteristics with mean SF-12v2 physical component scale scores among 2401 SICCA* participants with symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth
| Unadjusted β (95% CI) | Unadjusted p | Multivariable adjusted β† (95% CI) | Multivariable adjusted p† | |
| Age | −0.04 (−0.08 to 0.01) | 0.01 | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.08) | 0.01 |
| Gender, female | 0.76 (−0.83 to 2.34) | 0.35 | 0.54 (−0.95 to 2.03) | 0.47 |
| Country of residence | ||||
| Argentina | 1.04 (−0.36 to 2.44) | 0.14 | 0.16 (−1.15 to 1.47) | 0.81 |
| China | 4.88 (3.20 to 6.56) | <0.001 | 1.99 (0.26 to 3.73) | 0.02 |
| Denmark | −0.54 (−1.77 to 0.70) | 0.40 | −1.14 (−2.34 to 0.06) | 0.06 |
| India | −0.23 (−2.53 to 2.06) | 0.84 | −4.04 (−6.45 to 1.64) | 0.001 |
| Japan | 0.98 (−0.65 to 2.61) | 0.24 | −1.30 (−2.87 to 0.27) | 0.11 |
| UK | 5.55 (4.01 to 7.09) | <0.001 | 2.73 (1.24 to 4.22) | <0.001 |
| USA | Reference | Reference | ||
| Education, college | 0.27 (−0.64 to 1.19) | 0.59 | ||
| Employed | 5.66 (4.81 to 6.51) | <0.001 | 5.29 (4.41 to 6.17) | <0.001 |
| Meeting SS criteria | 3.68 (2.79 to 4.57) | <0.001 | 2.43 (1.57 to 3.29) | <0.001 |
| Anticholinergic medication | −6.46 (−7.36 to 5.56) | <0.001 | −4.61 (−5.55 to 3.67) | <0.001 |
| Medications‡ | ||||
| None | Reference | |||
| NSAIDS | −5.89 (−7.18 to 4.60) | <0.001 | −4.38 (−5.63 to 3.13) | <0.001 |
| Cholinomimetics | −0.64 (−2.55 to 1.27) | 0.51 | −1.42 (−3.29 to 0.44) | 0.14 |
| Antimalarials | −4.27 (−5.75 to 2.80) | <0.001 | −4.03 (−5.47 to 2.59) | <0.001 |
| Other immunosuppressants§ | −4.89 (−6.17 to 3.61) | <0.001 | −4.33 (−5.58 to 3.07) | <0.001 |
*Participants from the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance registry.
†All factors with a p value ≤0.10 on univariate analysis entered into multivariate model; p value ≤0.05 to remain in final multivariate model.
‡Systemic medications used for the management of SS-related symptoms and currently received at study entry.
§Including corticosteroids, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, anti-CD-20 and other immune modifying biological agents.
β, beta coefficient; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SF-12v2, Short Form 12, version 2; SS, Sjögren’s syndrome.