Table 3.

Clinical and cardiac factors linked to LV global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) in patients with HFpEF - Meta-regression analysis

Clinical and cardiac factors	GLS, %
	β (95% CI)	p Value
Age, per 1 year	−0.05 (−0.15 to 0.05)	0.32
Prevalence of women, per 1%	0.08 (−0.04 to 0.12)	< 0.01
Prevalence of arterial hypertension, per 1%	0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07)	0.41
Prevalence of diabetes, per 1%	−0.02 (−0.08 to 0.02)	0.31
Prevalence of CAD, per 1%	−0.04 (−0.01 to −0.07)	< 0.01
Prevalence of AF, per 1%	−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01)	0.27
LVEF, per 1%	0.29 (0.04 to 0.53)	0.03
LV mass, per 1 g/m²	−0.03 (−0.01 to −0.06)	0.05
Mitral septal-lateral e’, per 1 cm/s	0.34 (−0.40 to 1.08)	0.38
Mitral septal-lateral E/e’, per 1 unit	−0.39 (−0.17 to −0.61)	< 0.01
Sample size of the study, per one patient	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02)	0.53

The meta-regression analysis was performed in all studies as shown in figures 2 and 3. GLS (ie, average longitudinal peak systolic strain from ≥12 LV segments).  The β coefficient indicates the estimated change in GLS for every estimated change in the independent variable analysed.

AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; GLS, global longitudinal systolic strain; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; e’, septal and lateral annular mitral early diastolic peak velocity using pulsed-TDI; E, mitral inflow early diastolic peak velocity using pulsed Doppler; β, beta coefficient; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.