Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, at baseline and at 12 month follow-up
| Characteristics | All participants at baseline |
Complete cases at 12 month follow-up* |
Lost-to-follow-up at 12 months† |
Incomplete cases at 12 month follow-up‡ | ||||||||
| THC n=578 | UP n=647 | Diff raw |
THC n=258 | UP n=316 | Diff raw |
THC n=210 | UP n=177 | Diff raw |
THC n=110 | UP n=154 |
Diff raw |
|
| Age (years)§ | 69.6 (9.4) | 70.3 (9.1) | −0.8 | 68.2 (8.8) | 69.5 (9.1) | −1.3 | 70.5 (10.2) | 71.8 (9.5) | −1.4 | 70.9 (8.5) | 70.3 (8.6) | −0.6 |
| Men (%)§ | 48.3 (n=279) | 43.7 (n=283) | 4.5 | 53.5 (n=138) | 44.6 (n=141) | 8.9¶ | 45.2 (n=95) | 45.8 (n=81) | −0.5 | 41.8 (n=46) | 39.6 (n=61) | 2.2 |
| Marital status (%) | ||||||||||||
| Married/in a relationship | 55.9 (n=323) | 54.3 (n=351) | 1.6 | 70.2 (n=181) | 62.0 (n=196) | 8.1 | 40.0 (n=84) | 45.2 (n=80) | −5.2 | 52.7 (n=58) | 48.7 (n=75) | 4.0 |
| Single | 20.4 (n=118) | 22.1 (n=143) | −1.7 | 17.4 (n=45) | 22.2 (n=70) | −4.7 | 24.8 (n=52) | 23.2 (n=41) | 1.6 | 19.1 (n=21) | 20.8 (n=32) | −1.7 |
| Widow/widower | 16.8 (n=97) | 16.5 (n=107) | 0.2 | 12.0 (n=31) | 15.2 (n=48) | −3.2 | 22.9 (n=48) | 19.2 (n=34) | 3.7 | 16.4 (n=18) | 16.2 (n=25) | 0.1 |
| Missing (%) | 6.9 (n=40) | 7.1 (n=46) | −0.2 | 0.4 (n=1) | 0.6 (n=2) | −0.2 | 12.4 (n=26) | 12.4 (n=22) | −0.1 | 11.8 (n=13) | 14.3 (n=22) | −2.5 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||||||
| Non-smokers | 59.3 (n=343) | 63.1 (n=408) | −3.7 | 66.3 (n=171) | 67.4 (n=213) | −1.1 | 51.0 (n=107) | 61.0 (n=108) | −10.1 | 59.1 (n=65) | 56.5 (n=87) | 2.6 |
| Smokers | 33.9 (n=196) | 29.2 (n=189) | 4.7 | 3.0 (n=85) | 31.0 (n=98) | 1.9 | 36.8 (n=77) | 26.6 (n=47) | 10.1 | 30.9 (n=34) | 28.6 (n=44) | 2.3 |
| Missing (%) | 6.8 (n=39) | 7.7 (n=50) | −1.0 | 0.8 (n=2) | 1.6 (n=5) | −0.8 | 12.4 (n=26) | 12.4 (n=22) | −0.1 | 10.0 (n=11) | 14.9 (n=23) | −4.9 |
| Duration of COPD (years) | 7.8 (6.2) | 7.7 (5.8) | 0.1 | 7.6 (6.5) | 7.5 (5.4) | 0.1 | 8.0 (6.5) | 8.4 (6.4) | −0.4 | 8.0 (5.1) | 7.5 (6.0) | 0.5 |
| Missing (%) | 14.0 (n=81) | 15.1 (n=98) | −1.1 | 7.8 (n=20) | 8.2 (n=26) | −0.5 | 21.4 (n=45) | 22.0 (n=39) | −0.6 | 14.6 (n=16) | 21.4 (n=33) | −6.9 |
| FEV1 (%) | 47.7 (18.1) | 48.4 (18.9) | −0.7 | 48.9 (18.3) | 50.3 (19.8) | −1.4 | 47.7 (18.9) | 45.7 (17.9) | 2.1 | 45.1 (15.6) | 47.7 (17.9) | −2.7 |
| Missing (%) | 18.5 (n=107) | 19.8 (n=128) | −1.3 | 18.2 (n=47) | 19.9 (n=63) | −1.7 | 21.4 (n=45) | 15.8 (n=28) | 5.6 | 13.6 (n=15) | 24.0 (n=37) | −10.4 |
| FVC (%) | 70.4 (20.0) | 73.3 (22.3) | −4.0** | 71.2 (19.1) | 75.4 (21.7) | −3.7 | 70.6 (21.3) | 73.2 (24.6) | −2.6 | 66.4 (19.4) | 73.3 (20.8) | −6.9** |
| Missing (%) | 34.4 (n=199) | 39.4 (n=255) | −5.0 | 31.0 (n=80) | 38.0 (n=120) | −7.0 | 37.1 (n=78) | 38.4 (n=68) | −1.3 | 37.3 (n=41) | 43.5 (n=67) | −6.2 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||||||||||
| Diabetes | 10.2 (n=59) | 9.9 (n=64) | 0.3 | 8.9 (n=23) | 9.8 (n=31) | −0.9 | 10.5 (n=22) | 8.5 (n=15) | 2.0 | 12.7 (n=14) | 11.7 (n=18) | 1.0 |
| Coronary heart disease | 32.7 (n=189) | 31.8 (n=206) | 0.9 | 32.6 (n=84) | 32.3 (n=102) | 0.3 | 36.2 (n=76) | 34.5 (n=61) | 1.7 | 26.4 (n=29) | 27.9 (n=43) | −1.6 |
| Mental health problem | 4.8 (n=28) | 4.8 (n=31) | 0.1 | 4.3 (n=11) | 5.1 (n=16) | −0.8 | 7.1 (n=15) | 5.1 (n=9) | 2.1 | 1.8 (n=2) | 3.9 (n=6) | −2.1 |
| Musculoskeletal disorder | 24.9 (n=144) | 29.4 (n=190) | −4.5 | 27.9 (n=72) | 29.1 (n=92) | −1.2 | 22.4 (n=47) | 31.1 (n=55) | −8.7 | 22.7 (n=25) | 27.9 (n=43) | −5.2 |
| Cancer | 6.1 (n=35) | 4.8 (n=31) | 1.3 | 5.8 (n=15) | 4.4 (n=14) | 1.4 | 5.7 (n=12) | 5.7 (n=10) | 0.1 | 7.3 (n=8) | 4.6 (n=7) | 2.7 |
| Missing (%) | 8.1 (n=47) | 7.9 (n=51) | 0.3 | 1.9 (n=5) | 2.2 (n=7) | −0.3 | 13.8 (n=29) | 12.4 (n=22) | 1.4 | 11.8 (n=13) | 14.3 (n=22) | −2.5 |
| Baseline PCS | 37.5 (9.2) | 37.7 (8.9) | −0.2 | 38.2 (9.1) | 38.2 (9.2) | 0.0 | 36.0 (9.10) | 36.2 (8.4) | −0.2 | 37.8 (10.1) | 37.9 (8.4) | −0.1 |
| Missing (%) | 23.9 (n=138) | 25.5 (n=165) | 1.6 | 0.0 (n=0) | 0.0 (n=0) | 0.0 | 31.9 (n=67) | 37.9 (n=67) | −6.0 | 64.6 (n=71) | 63.6 (n=98) | 0.9 |
| Baseline MCS | 48.5 (11.6) | 48.9 (11.2) | −0.4 | 49.9 (11.0) | 50.6 (10.8) | −0.7 | 46.0 (12.3) | 45.1 (11.6) | 0.9 | 48.1 (11.5) | 46.8 (11.0) | 1.3 |
| Missing (%) | 23.9 (n=138) | 25.5 (n=165) | 1.6 | 0.0 (n=0) | 0.0 (n=0) | 0.0 | 31.9 (n=67) | 37.9 (n=67) | −6.0 | 64.6 (n=71) | 63.6 (n=98) | 0.9 |
Data are mean (SD) or proportion (number of patients).
All data are based on norms-based scoring.
*Complete case: a case that have nonmissing values on MCS and PCS score at baseline and follow-up.
†Lost-to-follow-up: cases that died, withdrew consent or did not return any study questionnaires after baseline.
‡Incomplete case: a case that is not lost to follow-up but has missing values on items in either PCS and MCS at baseline or follow-up.
§Variable has no missing values.
¶Fischer’s exact test for differences in proportions of patients in telehealth group and usual practice group (at baseline, complete cases, lost-to-follow-up and incomplete cases), p<0.05.
**Mann-Whitney test for differences in mean in telehealth group and usual practice group (at baseline, complete cases, lost-to-follow-up and incomplete cases), p<0.05.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Diff, difference; FEV1(%), forced expiratory volume in one second of predicted normal; FVC(%), forced vital capacity; MCS, mental component summary; PCS, physical component summary; THC, telehealthcare; UP, usual practice.