Table 5.
Primary outcome and subgroup analyses of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients’ health characteristics: adjusted mean differences in physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores for the total sample and subgroups, adjusted for respective baseline PCS or baseline MCS and age, gender, baseline forced expiratory volume in one second of predicted normal (FEV1), marital status, cancer and diabetes
| Health characteristics | ||||||||
| Effectiveness Total sample |
PCS 0.1 |
PCS 95% CI (−1.4 to 1.7) |
Wald test p value |
ICC 0.0 |
MCS 0.4 |
MCS 95% CI (−1.7 to 2.4) |
Wald test p value |
ICC 0.0 |
| COPD severity (GOLD 1–4) | ||||||||
| Mild, 1 (6%) | 1.7 | (−4.7 to 8.2) | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.6 | (−6.8 to 8.1) | 0.8 | 0.0 |
| Moderate, 2 (38%) | −0.7 | (−3.0 to 1.5) | −0.7 | (−3.8 to 2.4) | ||||
| Severe, 3 (39%) | 1.0 | (−1.7 to 3.7) | 1.5 | (−2.1 to 5.1) | ||||
| Very severe, 4 (17%) | −0.6 | (−4.8 to 3.5) | −0.2 | (−5.2 to 4.8) | ||||
| COPD duration (years) | ||||||||
| <3.5 (25%) | −0.7 | (−2.9 to 1.6) | 0.3 | 0.0 | −1.0 | (−4.4 to 2.4) | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| 3.5–6 (26%) | −1.6 | (−4.6 to 1.4) | −2.0 | (−5.7 to 1.6) | ||||
| 7–10 (26%) | 0.5 | (−2.8 to 3.8) | 0.5 | (−3.6 to 4.7) | ||||
| >10 (23%) | 2.5 | (−0.7 to 5.7) | 4.0 | (−0.2 to 8.2) | ||||
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No (89%) | 0.3 | (−1.2 to 1.9) | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 | (−1.8 to 2.5) | 0.9 | 0.0 |
| Yes (11%) | −1.4 | (−5.3 to 2.4) | 0.7 | (−4.9 to 6.4) | ||||
| Heart disease | ||||||||
| No (65%) | 0.1 | (−1.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.7 | (−1.7 to 3.2) | 0.6 | 0.0 |
| Yes (35%) | 0.3 | (−2.6 to 3.2) | −0.3 | (−3.7 to 3.1) | ||||
| Mental health problem | ||||||||
| No (95%) | 0.3 | (−1.3 to 1.9) | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 | (−1.8 to 2.4) | 0.8 | 0.0 |
| Yes (5%) | −3.1 | (−8.7 to 2.5) | 1.5 | (−6.2 to 9.2) | ||||
| Musculoskeletal disease | ||||||||
| No (70%) | 0.1 | (−1.7 to 1.8) | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.5 | (−1.6 to 2.6) | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Yes (30%) | 0.2 | (−2.0 to 2.5) | −0.1 | (−3.5 to 3.3) | ||||
| Cancer | ||||||||
| No (94%) | 0.0 | (−1.4 to 1.5) | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 | (−1.85 to 2.28) | 0.6 | 0.0 |
| Yes (6%) | 2.1 | (−4.7 to 8.9) | 2.7 | (−5.4 to 10.7) | ||||
| Number of comorbidities | ||||||||
| Yes (33%) | 0.3 | (−2.1 to 2.6) | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | (−2.8 to 3.4) | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| No (41%) | 1.4 | (−1.0 to 3.8) | 1.0 | (−2.2 to 4.2) | ||||
| Two or more (26%) | −2.0 | (−4.9 to 1.0) | −0.7 | (−4.3 to 2.9) | ||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| Yes (71%) | 0.6 | (−1.3 to 2.5) | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | (−2.1 to 2.9) | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| No (29%) | −1.1 | (−3.7 to 1.4) | 0.3 | (−3.3 to 3.9) | ||||
| Tachycardia | ||||||||
| Yes (70%) | 0.3 | (−1.4 to 1.9) | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 | (−2.0 to 2.2) | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| No (30%) | −0.2 | (−3.3 to 3.0) | 1.0 | (−2.8 to 4.9) | ||||
| BMI | ||||||||
| <25 (44%) | 0.4 | (−2.1 to 2.8) | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | (−2.9 to 3.7) | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| 25–30 (34%) | 0.2 | (−2.5 to 2.9) | −0.1 | (−3.8 to 3.6) | ||||
| >30 (22%) | −0.4 | (−4.5 to 3.6) | 0.8 | (−4.0 to 5.6) | ||||
All data are based on norms-based scoring.
Multilevel linear models controlling for baseline PCS or MCS score and age, gender, baseline FEV1, marital status, cancer and diabetes and clustering. Priori hypothesis was that adding telehealthcare to usual practice would improve patients’ health-related quality of life relative to usual practice.
Mean difference; 95% CIs.
GOLD, Global Initiative for COPD; ICC, intraclass coefficient.