Table 2.

Methodology rigour and risk of bias

Study	Abstract and title	Introduction and aims	Method and data	Sampling	Data analysis	Ethics and bias	Findings	Generalisability	Implications and usefulness
Agarwal et al31	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Fair	Good	Good	Fair	Good
Bai and Krishnan40	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Fair	Good
Colla et al7	Fair	Fair	Good	Good	Poor	Poor	Good	Good	Fair
De Andrade Costa41	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Fair	Good
Goodall32	Fair	Fair	Fair	Poor	Fair	Poor	Fair	Poor	Poor
Jiang et al33	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair
Konu and Viitanen34	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Very poor	Good	Fair	Fair
Kuntz et al35	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Fair
Kuntz et al42	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Fair	Fair
O’Keefe36	Good	Fair	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Fair	Poor
Parayitam et al37	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Fair	Good
Prybil45	Fair	Good	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair
Saleh et al38	Good	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Fair	Fair
Simonen et al39	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair	Good	Fair	Fair
Spehar et al44	Fair	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Good	Fair
Veronesi et al43	Fair	Good	Good	Good	Very Good	Good	Good	Good	Good

 Adapted from Hawker et al.²⁶

*Scale: Very Good; Good; Fair; Poor; Very Poor.