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Exclusion criteria used in the included studies
| Exclusion criteria | Number of studies (n, %) |
| Neurological disorder | 20 (55.6) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 17 (47.2) |
| Significant trauma to another body region than the head | 17 (47.2) |
| Substance abuse (drug or alcohol) | 14 (38.8) |
| Previous traumatic brain injury | 10 (27.8) |
| Alcohol intoxication | 9 (25) |
| Renal impairment | 3 (8.3) |
| Cardiac disease | 2 (5.6) |
