Table 1.

Description of the studies and assessment of the exposure

Reference	Dietary data collection period	Country	Cohort name	Total n*	Dietary assessment	FFQ items	Exposure variable	Exposure variable scale
Barker et al 30	1990–1992	UK	ALSPAC	6979	FFQ	103	‘Healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ patterns, grouped using CFA	Dietary patterns as continuous variable
Bernard et al 43	2003–2005	France	Eden cohort	1335	FFQ	137	Estimated maternal intake of total n6 and total n3 (in g/d), then calculation of n6:n3 fatty acid ratio	Fatty acid ratio as continuous variable
Bolduc et al 44	2008–2012	Canada	CHILD Edmonton subcohort	688	FFQ	175	Total fruit intake estimated from FFQ	Maternal fruit intake as continuous predictor of neurodevelopment
Daniels et al 31	1990–1992	UK	ALSPAC	7421	FFQ	103	Maternal fish intake as servings/week	Categorical variable; four intake groups (of which one referent group)
Davidson et al 32	2001–2002	Seychelles	Seychelles Child Development Study	229	FFQ and 4 day diet diary	NS	Maternal fish intake as g/day	Maternal fish intake as continuous variable
Gale et al 33	1991–1992	UK	NS	217	FFQ	100	Maternal fish intake as times eaten/week	Categorical variable; three intake groups (of which one referent group)
Gustafsson et al 45	NS	USA	Ongoing longitudinal study	48	ASA24†	NS	Total and saturated fat intake	Fat intake as continuous variable
Hibbeln et al 34	1990–1992	UK	ALSPAC	11 875	FFQ	103	Maternal seafood intake as g/week	Categorical variable; three intake groups (of which one referent group)
Jacka et al 35	2002–2008	Norway	MoBa	23 020	validated FFQ	255	‘Healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ data driven dietary pattern scores	Dietary patterns scores as continuous variables
Julvez et al 46	2004–2008	Spain	INMA	1892	FFQ	101	Maternal seafood intake	Maternal seafood intake as Quintiles
Mendez et al 36	1997–1998	Menorca	Prospective birth cohort	392	FFQ	42	Maternal fish intake	Categorical variable; four intake groups (of which one referent group)
Oken et al 37	1999–2002	USA	Project Viva	341	validated FFQ	>140	Maternal fish intake	Categorical variable; three intake groups (of which one referent group)
Oken et al 38	1997–2003	Denmark	Danish birth cohort	25 446	Validated FFQ	>360	Maternal fish intake as servings(g)/week	Categorical variable; three quintiles of intake (lowest, middle, highest)
Oken et al 47	1999–2002	USA	Project Viva	1068	validated FFQ	>140	Maternal fish intake	Categorical variable; three intake groups (of which one (no fish) referent group)
Pina-Camacho et al 39	1990–1992	UK	ALSPAC	7814	FFQ	103	General unhealthy diet (second-order latent factor) generated with CFA	Unhealthy dietary pattern as continuous variable
Sagiv et al 42	1993–1998	USA	New Bedford cohort	362	FFQ	NS	Maternal fish intake, expressed as total servings/week	Maternal fish intake as continuous variable
Steenweg-de Graaff et al 40	2001–2006	Netherlands	Generation R	3104	Validated FFQ	293	‘Healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ data driven dietary pattern scores	Dietary patterns scores as continuous variables
Valent et al 41	2007–2009	Italy	Set within project (PHIME)	606	FFQ (Adapted from a validated FFQ)	138	Maternal fish intake as servings/week	Maternal fish intake as continuous variable

*Differs from total n used in analysis (due to missing data, excluded participants, twin births, and so on).

†Automated Self-Administered 24 hours (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool.

CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.