Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of women with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). Candidate predictor variables are listed (counts or means and standard deviations in parenthesis) with appropriate statistical comparisons (proportion, Chi-square, or t-tests).
| Controls n=173 |
DS n=149 |
Z- or t-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 61.1 (7.1) | 64.9 (6.9) | −4.78 | 0.000 |
| African-American [n] | 3 | 6 | −1.27 | 0.204 |
| Height [cm] | 163.5 (6.3) | 161.4 (6.6) | 2.89 | 0.004 |
| Weight [kg] | 72.4 (17.7) | 80.3 (20.2) | −3.70 | 0.000 |
| Body-Mass Index [kg/m2] | 27.1 (6.6) | 30.6 (7.9) | −4.31 | 0.000 |
| Anterolisthesis [% slip] | 0.1 (0.6) | 17.7 (6.6) | −3.02 | 0.000 |
| Oswestry Disability Index [%] | 13.4 (15.3) | 26.9 (18.3) | −7.06 | 0.000 |
| HAQ-Disability | 0.35 (0.50) | 0.74 (0.62) | −6.05 | 0.000 |
| HAQ-Pain | 21 (27) | 45 (31) | −7.22 | 0.000 |
| HAQ-Health | 28 (34) | 40 (34) | −3.06 | 0.000 |
| Full-Term Pregnancies | 1.67 (1.23) | 2.13 (1.46) | −3.02 | 0.003 |
| Cesarean Sections | 0.29 (0.71) | 0.26 (0.67) | 0.44 | 0.658 |
| Hysterectomies [%] | 23.1 | 41.6 | −3.59 | 0.000 |
| Other Abdominal Surgeries [%] | 42.2 | 54.4 | −2.19 | 0.028 |
| Time Post-Menopause [years] | 12.3 (7.8) | 18.3 (10.5) | −5.64 | 0.000 |