. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Atten Disord. 2017 Apr 19;22(9 Suppl):38S–48S. doi: 10.1177/1087054717700977

Table 4.

Turning Points, Stratified By ADHD/LNCG Status and SU/A Group

Stages of Change					Overall Model	ADHD vs. LNCG	SU/A Group
	Abstainers	Desisters	Persisters		Overall Model	ADHD vs. LNCG	SU/A Group

	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	df	F (p)	F (p)	F (p)
# of Negative Turning Points				3, 56	2.4 (0.04)	0.3 (0.57)	3.7 (0.030)
ADHD	0.3 (0.5)^a	1.2 (1.2)	3.6 (2.3)^b
LNCG	0.4 (1.0)	2.2 (3.5)	1.4 (1.1)
# of Positive Turning Points				3, 56	3.19 (0.03)	5.04 (0.03)	2.26 (0.11)
ADHD	1.5 (1.1)	2.0 (1.1)	1.0 (0.8)^b
LNCG	1.9 (1.7)	2.7 (1.6)^a	2.1 (1.2)

Different alphabetic characters in superscripts (e.g, ^{a, b}) within each 3 × 2 comparison denote significant differences (with p’s values ranging from <.05 to .001 marked in bold) in post-hoc pairwise contrasts. Cells with any superscript in common do not differ from each other. Means with no superscripts do not differ from any others.