Table 2.
Medians (IQR) for each Infant Behavior Questionnaire scale by participant characteristics.
| Characteristics | Activity (N=201)
|
Distress to limitations (N=203)
|
Distress and latency to novelty (N=201)
|
Duration of orienting (N=202)
|
Smiling (N=201)
|
Soothability (N=201)
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |
| Alcohol use ab | ||||||
| No | 4.5 (4.0 – 5.1) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.2 (2.5 – 3.9) | 4.4 (3.5 – 5.1) | 5.6 (5.0 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.8 – 6.3) |
| Yes | 4.4 (3.9 – 4.9) | 4.1 (3.3 – 4.5) | 3.4 (2.8 – 3.9) | 4.3 (3.2 – 4.8) | 5.4 (4.9 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.5 – 6.4) |
| Marital status a | ||||||
| Married/cohabiting | 4.4 (3.9 – 5.0) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.1 (2.5 – 3.8)** | 4.2 (3.4 – 4.8)** | 5.6 (5.1 – 6.0) | 5.5 (4.8 – 6.1) |
| Other | 4.5 (4.0 – 5.0) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.4) | 3.4 (2.9 – 4.2)** | 4.5 (3.9 – 5.4)** | 5.5 (4.9 – 6.2) | 5.6 (4.9 – 6.6) |
| Maternal race | ||||||
| White | 4.5 (3.9 – 5.0) | 4.0 (3.4 – 4.5)* | 2.9 (2.5 – 3.3)** | 4.0 (3.2 – 4.8)** | 5.4 (5.0 – 5.9)** | 5.4 (4.9 – 5.9)** |
| Black | 4.6 (4.1 – 5.1) | 4.0 (3.3 – 4.4)* | 3.9 (3.1 – 4.4)** | 4.5 (3.9 – 5.1)** | 5.3 (4.9 – 5.9)** | 5.3 (4.5 – 6.0)** |
| Hispanic/other | 4.4 (3.9 – 4.9) | 3.8 (3.2 – 4.1)* | 3.1 (2.6 – 3.8)** | 4.5 (3.5 – 5.4)** | 5.8 (5.1 – 6.2)** | 5.8 (5.0 – 6.6)** |
| Breastfeeding | ||||||
| No | 4.4 (3.8 – 5.1) | 3.6 (3.1 – 4.3)* | 3.2 (2.6 – 4.2) | 4.6 (4.2 – 5.4)** | 5.5 (5.0 – 6.1) | 5.6 (5.0 – 6.3) |
| Yes | 4.4 (4.0 – 5.0) | 4.0 (3.4 – 4.3)* | 3.2 (2.7 – 3.8) | 4.3 (3.3 – 4.8)** | 5.5 (5.0 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.8 – 6.3) |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| High school | 4.6 (4.0 – 5.1) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.5 (2.8 – 4.2)** | 4.5 (3.7 – 5.4)** | 5.7 (5.0 – 6.2) | 5.8 (4.8 – 6.3) |
| Some college | 4.3 (3.9 – 4.9) | 3.8 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.3 (3.0 – 3.9)** | 4.5 (4.0 – 4.9)** | 5.5 (5.1 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.9 – 6.6) |
| College graduate | 4.4 (3.9 – 5.0) | 4.0 (3.4 – 4.5) | 2.8 (2.4 – 3.4)** | 3.8 (3.1 – 4.7)** | 5.4 (5.0 – 6.0) | 5.3 (4.8 – 5.9) |
| Child’s sex | ||||||
| Male | 4.5 (3.9 – 5.1) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.1 (2.5 – 3.8)** | 4.3 (3.5 – 4.9) | 5.6 (5.1 – 6.1) | 5.6 (4.9 – 6.2) |
| Female | 4.4 (3.9 – 5.0) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.5) | 3.4 (2.8 – 4.1)** | 4.4 (3.3 – 5.4) | 5.5 (4.9 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.6 – 6.3) |
| Maternal age | ||||||
| <20 years | 4.6 (4.0 – 5.1) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.7 (2.9 – 4.2)** | 4.3 (3.6 – 5.4) | 5.6 (5.1 – 6.2) | 6.0 (4.8 – 6.8) |
| 20–<30 years | 4.4 (3.9 – 4.9) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.3 (2.8 – 3.9)** | 4.5 (3.6 – 4.9) | 5.5 (5.0 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.7 – 6.3) |
| 30+ years | 4.5 (3.9 – 5.0) | 4.0 (3.3 – 4.4) | 2.8 (2.4 – 3.5)** | 4.2 (3.3 – 4.9) | 5.5 (5.0 – 6.0) | 5.4 (4.9 – 5.9) |
| Smoking a | ||||||
| No | 4.5 (3.9 – 5.1) | 3.9 (3.3 – 4.3) | 3.2 (2.6 – 3.9) | 4.4 (3.5 – 4.9) | 5.6 (5.1 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.8 – 6.3) |
| Yes | 4.4 (4.1 – 4.9) | 3.8 (3.4 – 4.4) | 3.4 (2.7 – 4.1) | 4.5 (3.7 – 5.4) | 5.3 (4.9 – 5.8) | 5.4 (4.7 – 6.3) |
| Total HOME year 1 c | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | 4.3 (3.9 – 4.9) | 3.8 (3.2 – 4.3) | 3.3 (2.9 – 4.1) | 4.5 (3.5 – 5.4) | 5.3 (4.9 – 6.1) | 5.6 (4.9 – 6.5) |
| Tertile 2 | 4.5 (4.0 – 5.2) | 3.9 (3.2 – 4.3) | 3.1 (2.5 – 3.8) | 4.3 (3.5 – 5.1) | 5.6 (4.9 – 6.1) | 5.5 (4.5 – 6.1) |
| Tertile 3 | 4.5 (3.9 – 5.0) | 4.0 (3.4 – 4.3) | 3.2 (2.5 – 3.8) | 4.4 (3.5 – 4.9) | 5.7 (5.1 – 6.0) | 5.5 (5.0 – 6.3) |
Abbreviations: IQR, Interquartile Range; HOME, Home Observation for Measurement in the Environment
a
During pregnancy
b
6 missing alcohol use
c
5 missing HOME score
*
Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.10
**
Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05