FIGURE 1.

The four developmental stages of grape berries designating phases of rapid sugar, potassium and water accumulation. In Shiraz berries grown in a warm viticulture region of Australia, the lag phase occurs between 45 and 55 days after flowering, and maximum weight occurs at approximately 90 days after flowering. Stage 3 is associated with ripening and includes color, flavor and aroma changes, softening and malic acid degradation. Relative changes in cell division, cell expansion, dry mass, structural carbon accumulation, xylem and phloem flow, transpiration and respiration are also indicated.