Figure 3. Changes in the composition of HDL in various conditions could result in non-functional or dysfunctional HDL which loses vascular protective effects or create a superfunctional HDL containing a mutant of Apo A-1.

CAD, coronary artery disease; Hgb, haemo- globin; MPO, myeloperoxidase; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SAA, serum amyloid A; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SMDA, symmetric dimethy- larginine; S1P, sphingosine 1 phosphate. Adapted from [1].