Table 2.

Adjusted Difference in Bone Outcomes by 25(OH)D and PTH Status in PHIV and PHEU children

		PHIV1		PHEU1
Outcome	Exposure	Adjusted difference3 (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted difference3 (95%CI)	P value
	25(OH)D (ng/mL)
BMD z
Total body	≤ 20 vs. >20	−0.38 (−0.60, −0.16)	<0.001	−0.34 (−0.64, −0.03)	0.03
Lumbar spine	≤ 20 vs. >20	−0.21 (−0.42,0.00)	0.05	0.10 (−0.30,0.51)	0.62
BMC (g)
Total body	≤ 20 vs. >20	−59.1 (−108.3, −9.8)	0.02	−0.01 (−73.5,73.5)	1.00
Total body less head	≤ 20 vs. >20	−52.3 (−96.7, −7.8)	0.02	−0.30 (−69.3,68.7)	0.99
Lumbar spine	≤ 20 vs. >20	−0.89 (−2.2,0.47)	0.20	0.57 (−1.2,2.4)	0.54
	PTH (pg/mL)2
BMD z
Total body	>65 vs. ≤65	−0.02 (−0.37,0.42)	0.91	-	-
Lumbar spine	>65 vs. ≤65	−0.06 (−0.49,0.36)	0.77	-	-
BMC (g)
Total body	>65 vs. ≤65	14.6 (−79.7,108.9)	0.76	-	-
Total body less head	>65 vs. ≤65	16.9 (−62.9,96.7)	0.68	-	-
Lumbar spine	>65 vs. ≤65	−0.54 (−3.1,2.0)	0.68	-	-

Abbreviations: PHIV-Perinatally HIV-infected; PHEU- Perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected; 95%CI-95% confidence interval; 25(OH)D – 25 hydroxy-vitamin D; PTH-parathyroid hormone; Ref-reference group; BMD z-Bone mineral density z score; BMC-bone mineral content.

¹The number of children included in the model for PHIV and PHEU was as follows: total body z-scores N=388, N=198; spine z-scores N=382, N=196; total body BMC N=387, N= 197; spine BMC N=381, N=395.

²No models were fit for high PTH among HEU children because only 5 had high PTH.

³Adjusted models of bone outcomes included age at vitamin D measurement, black race, ancestral markers (African, Europe/CSW Asia, other), height z, extremity lean mass, vigorous activity > 75^th percentile and CD4 count. When 25(OH)D status was the exposure, we additionally adjusted for percent body fat. When the outcome was Total body-BMC, Total body less head-BMC or Lumbar spine-BMC, we additionally adjusted for Tanner stage and sex.