Table 4.
Prevalence of Low 25(OH)D and High PTH and Differences in Levels by HIV status, and by Use of Efavirenz and Tenofovir
| Prevalence of Low 25(OH)D or High PTH |
Difference in 25(OH)D or PTH Levels |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Prevalence Ratio (95%CI) P value |
Difference (95%CI) P value |
|||
|
| ||||
| Exposure | Unadjusted | Adjusted1,2 | Unadjusted | Adjusted1 |
| 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL | 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | |||
| Model 1A | Model 1B2 | Model 7A | Model 7B | |
| PHIV vs. PHEU | 1.24 (0.99,1.54) | 1.00 (0.81,1.24) | −0.77 (−2.05,0.51) | 0.48 (−0.69,1.65) |
| 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.24 | 0.42 | |
| Model 2A | Model 2B | Model 8A | Model 8B | |
| PHIV EFV+ vs. PHEU3 | 1.52 (1.14,2.03) | 1.30 (0.98,1.74) | −2.83 (−4.93, −0.72) | −1.94 (−3.88,0.01) |
| 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.008 | 0.05 | |
| PHIV EFV− vs. PHEU3 | 1.17 (0.93,1.48) | 0.95 (0.76,1.18) | −0.31 (−1.64,1.01) | 0.99 (−0.23,2.21) |
| 0.17 | 0.63 | 0.643 | 0.11 | |
| Model 3A | Model 3B | Model 9A | Model 9B | |
| PHIV TDF+ vs. PHEU3 | 1.09 (0.79,1.51) | 0.77 (0.56,1.06) | −1.20 (−3.16,0.75) | 1.02 (−0.87,2.92) |
| 0.61 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.29 | |
| PHIV TDF− vs. PHEU3 | 1.28 (1.02,1.6) | 1.06 (0.86,1.31) | −0.65 (−1.99,0.70) | 0.37 (−0.85,1.59) |
| 0.03 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.55 | |
|
| ||||
| PTH > 65 pg/mL | PTH (pg/mL) | |||
| Model 4A | Model 4B | Model 10A | Model 10B | |
| PHIV vs. PHEU | 3.80 (1.52,9.51) | 3.17 (1.25,8.06) | 7.10 (4.17,10.02) | 5.26 (2.35,8.17) |
| 0.004 | 0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Model 5A | Model 5B | Model 11A | Model 11B | |
| PHIV EFV+ vs. PHEU3 | 1.13 (0.22,5.69) | 0.85 (0.17,4.56) | 5.44 (0.61,10.28) | 3.37 (−1.85,8.60) |
| 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.03 | 0.21 | |
| PHIV EFV− vs. HEU3 | 4.40 (1.75,11.04) | 3.67 (1.44,9.36) | 7.27 (4.11,10.44) | 5.54 (2.47,8.61) |
| 0.002 | 0.006 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Model 6A | Model 6B | Model 12A | Model 12B | |
| PHIV TDF+ vs. PHEU3 | 6.79 (2.54,18.12) | 5.50 (1.95,15.49) | 14.22 (9.11,19.32) | 11.65 (6.47,16.83) |
| <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| PHIV TDF− vs. PHEU3 | 2.92 (1.13,7.6) | 2.64 (1.01,6.94) | 4.80 (1.69,7.91) | 3.71 (0.61,6.82) |
| 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.02 | |
Abbreviations: PHIV-Perinatally HIV-infected; PHEU-perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected; TDF-tenofovir; EFV-efavirenz, 25(OH)D – 25 hydroxy-vitamin D.
1
For the outcome 25(OH)D, the models were adjusted for age, black race, ancestry markers, latitude as a continuous variable, and season. For the outcome PTH, models were adjusted for age, black race, and ancestry markers.
2
Model 1B, 2B, and 3B were fit using the Poisson link and the robust standard error.
3
In sensitivity analyses including children with ARV data just prior to the 25(OH)D date, and not on the 25(OH)D date, the results did not change for the TDF or EFV analyses.