Fig. 5.

The default mode and salience networks each support a wide array of psychological functions, as evidenced by a literature review of psychological or other states that are sensitive to functional or structural features of these networks. These results are consistent with the idea that the default mode and salience networks are domain-general networks that support interoception and allostasis, which we propose are key processes that contribute to all psychological functions. Each sub-figure shows a set of results from an independent study, with citations as follows. Default mode network: Social fear¹⁹⁷, Physical fear¹⁹⁷, Atypical emotions¹⁹⁸, Emotion¹⁹⁹, Emotion concepts²⁰⁰, Subjective value²⁰¹, Social affiliation²⁰², Chronic pain²⁰³, Trait judgments²⁰⁴, Empathy²⁰⁵, Moral judgments²⁰⁶, Theory of mind²⁰⁴, Reward²⁰⁷, Smoking addiction²⁰⁸, Memory²⁰⁹, Prospection²⁰⁹, Association²¹⁰, and Concepts²¹¹. Salience network: Atypical emotion¹⁹⁸, Affect²¹², Effortful recall²¹³, Executive attention²¹⁴, Atrophy and stress (chronic yellow, current red)²¹⁵, Atrophy and mental illness¹²³, Interoception²¹⁶, Recognition memory²¹⁷, Bilingualism²¹⁸, Multimodal integration¹, Thermal pain²¹⁹, Alcohol craving²²⁰, Empathy²²¹, Decision making²²², Errors²²³, Word form (yellow)²²⁴, Propranolol during aversion²²⁵, and Hot spots²²⁶.