Figure 3.

Effect of turanose on inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, and oxidative stress-related antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Western blot analysis was performed 24 hours after Raw 264.7 cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various proportions of turanose. (A) Representative blots and (B) quantification of band intensities (a, iNOS; b, COX-2; c, SOD2) with densitometry are shown. The expression levels of α-tubulin were used as a loading control. For a given column, data not sharing a common superscript letter significantly differ (P < 0.05). Ctrl, no glucose; Glu, 25 mM glucose; T50, T75, and T100, replaced glucose with the indicated proportion of turanose (e.g., 50%, 75%, or 100%, respectively).