Table 3.
Concentrations of maternal plasma cytokines and chemokines in the subgroups of clinical chorioamnionitis and term in labor
| Analytes (pg/mL) |
Term in labor (controls) (n=77) |
Clinical chorioamnnionitis at term (n=41) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| without intra-amniotic inflammation (n=8) |
with intra-amniotic inflammation without demonstrable bacteria (n=9) |
with microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation (n=24) |
|||||||||||
| Median (IQR) |
Median (IQR) |
Fold change (compared to term in labor) |
Adjuste d P- value*(c ompare d to term in labor) |
Median (IQR) | Fold change (compar ed to term in labor) |
Adjusted P-value (compared to term in labor) |
Adjusted P- value (compared to without intra- amniotic inflammation) |
Median (IQR) |
Fold change (comp ared to term in labor) |
Adjusted P- value (compared to term in labor) |
Adjusted P-value (compare d to without intra- amniotic inflamma tion) |
Adjusted P- value (compared to with intra- amniotic inflammatio n without demonstrabl e bacteria) |
|
| Pro-inflammatory cytokines | |||||||||||||
| IL-6 | 2.53 (1.64–4.08) | 6.72 (5.05–12.91) | 2.66 | 0.008 | 9.75 (6.14–22.92) | 3.85 | 0.009 | 0.78 | 15.58 (5.54–22.34) | 6.16 | <0.0001 | 0.70 | 0.92 |
| IL-2 | 0.01 (0.01–0.12) | 0.18 (0.14–0.24) | 18.69 | 0.008 | 0.12 (0.05–0.14) | 12.12 | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.13 (0.02–0.21) | 13.13 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.92 |
| IFN-γ | 5.24 (3.26–8.34) | 88.73 (13.78–135.99) | 16.93 | 0.008 | 6.15 (3.83–20.57) | 1.17 | 0.45 | 0.74 | 5.04 (3.31–7.92) | 0.96 | 0.82 | 0.08 | 0.87 |
| TNF-α | 2.06 (1.62–2.48) | 4.46 (3.2–5.79) | 2.17 | 0.04 | 2.98 (2.2–3.48) | 1.45 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 2.42 (1.55–3.3) | 1.17 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.87 |
| IL-17α | 0.55 (0.34–0.71) | 1.32 (0.71–3.87) | 2.40 | 0.04 | 0.83 (0.68–1.32) | 1.51 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.74 (0.48–1.07) | 1.35 | 0.09 | 0.40 | 0.87 |
| IL-15 | 2.05 (1.71–2.42) | 3.73 (2.93–4.51) | 1.82 | 0.008 | 2.75 (2.25–3.33) | 1.34 | 0.07 | 0.74 | 2.58 (2.23–3.18) | 1.26 | 0.002 | 0.40 | 0.97 |
| TNF-β | 0.07 (0.02–0.11) | 0.1 (0.07–0.11) | 1.43 | 0.51 | 0.13 (0.08–0.15) | 1.86 | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.1 (0.05–0.15) | 1.43 | 0.11 | 0.84 | 0.92 |
| IL-12/IL-23p40 | 76.89 (62.43–98.69) | 112.2 (87.39–147.02) | 1.46 | 0.07 | 96.63 (58.76–128.84) | 1.26 | 0.30 | 0.74 | 83.45 (70.45–101.04) | 1.09 | 0.37 | 0.31 | 0.87 |
| IL-16 | 158.99 (129.21–224.54) | 118.8 (89.15–155.07) | 0.75 | 0.13 | 133.63 (128.67–191.54) | 0.84 | 0.53 | 0.74 | 187.65 (159.96–229.7) | 1.18 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.87 |
| IL-1α | 2.61 (1.65–4.27) | 2.65 (1.81–3.68) | 1.02 | 0.91 | 2.7 (2.25–5.08) | 1.03 | 0.53 | 0.74 | 2.57 (2.07–3.19) | 0.98 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.87 |
| GM-CSF | 0.02 (0.02–0.09) | 0.02 (0.02–0.13) | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.02 (0.02–0.17) | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.88 | 0.02 (0.02–0.06) | 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.87 |
| IL-7 | 3.51 (2.04–6.51) | 7.79 (3.83–9.14) | 2.22 | 0.15 | 4.58 (3.68–7.64) | 1.3 | 0.27 | 0.74 | 2.72 (1.55–5.07) | 0.78 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.46 |
| IL-1β | 0.12 (0.01–0.31) | 0.21 (0.1–0.4) | 1.79 | 0.32 | 0.31 (0.12–0.35) | 2.58 | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.21 (0.11–0.28) | 1.71 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.87 |
| IL-12p70 | 0.07 (0.01–0.13) | 0.13 (0.04–0.24) | 1.93 | 0.27 | 0.13 (0.04–0.21) | 1.86 | 0.15 | 0.96 | 0.05 (0.01–0.19) | 0.64 | 0.93 | 0.30 | 0.87 |
| VEGF | 14.36 (10.67–23.71) | 13.98 (10.43–17.51) | 0.97 | 0.61 | 16.8 (12.11–26.54) | 1.17 | 0.98 | 0.74 | 12.21 (9.25–15.12) | 0.85 | 0.19 | 0.84 | 0.87 |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | |||||||||||||
| IL-10 | 0.41 (0.25–0.86) | 1.9 (1.3–5.42) | 4.63 | 0.02 | 3.19 (0.92–3.8) | 7.78 | 0.05 | 0.96 | 1.75 (0.3–5.49) | 4.27 | 0.05 | 0.70 | 0.95 |
| IL-5 | 0.36 (0.21–0.57) | 0.28 (0.2–0.47) | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.38 (0.27–0.54) | 1.06 | 0.61 | 0.74 | 0.59 (0.4–0.91) | 1.64 | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.87 |
| IL-4 | 0.03 (0.01–0.03) | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | 0.67 | 0.36 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.67 | 0.81 | 0.74 | 0.03 (0.01–0.04) | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.87 |
| IL-13 | 0.65 (0.28–1.01) | 0.28 (0.28–0.41) | 0.43 | 0.07 | 0.28 (0.28–0.78) | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.74 | 0.93 (0.28–1.37) | 1.42 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.87 |
| Chemokines | |||||||||||||
| CXCL-10 or IP-10 | 238.32 (172.2–327.48) | 503.96 (284.8–998.46) | 2.11 | 0.02 | 242.6 (179.13–557.89) | 1.02 | 0.46 | 0.74 | 209.99 (169.03–296.8) | 0.88 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.87 |
| Eotaxin-3 | 19.36 (14.89–25.59) | 10.12 (0.64–22.92) | 0.52 | 0.22 | 4.67 (0.64–9.54) | 0.24 | 0.008 | 0.74 | 3.93 (0.64–12.97) | 0.20 | 0.0003 | 0.84 | 0.92 |
| MCP-4 | 43.79 (29.91–73.38) | 33.11 (25.28–52.48) | 0.76 | 0.50 | 38.85 (34.99–46.92) | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.74 | 26.05 (22.15–37.84) | 0.59 | 0.003 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
| MCP-1 | 57.38 (51.48–70.38) | 94.93 (65.69–130.46) | 1.65 | 0.07 | 73.01 (55.47–91.16) | 1.27 | 0.27 | 0.74 | 69.27 (52.17–99.48) | 1.21 | 0.26 | 0.47 | 0.92 |
| MIP-1β | 59.25(45.93–78.56) | 68.62 (52.61–165.9) | 1.16 | 0.29 | 57.28 (44.39–69.42) | 0.97 | 0.81 | 0.74 | 60.51 (38.55–80.72) | 1.02 | 0.82 | 0.40 | 0.92 |
| MIP-1α | 10.41 (7.35–12.25) | 20.64 (9.81–25.13) | 1.98 | 0.10 | 11.84 (8.95–13.77) | 1.14 | 0.41 | 0.74 | 12.63 (9.4–15.2) | 1.21 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.92 |
| IL-8 | 3 (1.9–5.09) | 4 (2.77–7.97) | 1.33 | 0.44 | 3.58 (3.43–4.71) | 1.19 | 0.27 | 0.96 | 3.61 (3.14–8.6) | 1.20 | 0.09 | 1.00 | 0.92 |
| TARC | 34.99 (18.74–52.3) | 26.89 (21.74–34.94) | 0.77 | 0.50 | 42.57 (20.45–73.51) | 1.22 | 0.53 | 0.74 | 36.75 (24.22–55.2) | 1.05 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.92 |
| MDC | 520.65 (443.02–644.53) | 526.94 (471.77–590.9) | 1.01 | 0.73 | 463.75 (421.72–732.89) | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.78 | 512.05 (396.98–639.64) | 0.98 | 0.68 | 1.00 | 0.87 |
| Eotaxin | 56.8 (43.72–77.74) | 47.95 (41.02–58.23) | 0.84 | 0.27 | 40.04 (31.29–54.04) | 0.70 | 0.10 | 0.74 | 46.68 (32.87–57.96) | 0.82 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.92 |
CXCL-10: C-X-C motif chemokine 10; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL: interleukin; IP-10: interferon-gamma-induced protein 10; IQR: interquartile range; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MDC: macrophage-derived chemokine; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; TARC: thymus and activation-regulated chemokine; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. The units of all analytes are pg/mL.