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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Immunol. 2017 May 24;38(10):696–704. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Diverse LPS receptors are found in nature.

Depiction of the types of LPS receptors in plants and animals. Receptors include representatives from various families of proteins, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), integrins, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), proteases and kinases. Receptors can be membrane proteins, soluble cytosolic proteins or soluble extracellular proteins (as indicated). Of note, Factor C is secreted but lipid binding, hence its positioning at the membrane. This diversity illustrates the complexity of the natural LPS response systems, and raises the question of how many others await discovery.

Abbreviations used: LRR: Leucine-rich repeats, LBP: LPS-binding protein, GPI: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, LORE: Lipooligosaccharide-specific reduced elicitation, BAI1: Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1, CARD: caspase activation and recruitment domain