TABLE 2.
Comparison of demographic and clinical features of Stroke survivors according to Vascular cognitive Impairment status.
| VARIABLES | Stroke with no VCI, n=77 |
VCI no dementia, n=50 |
Post-stroke Dementia, n=20 |
P-value | A vs B | A vs C | B vs C | A vs B+C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 55.5 ± 11.8 | 63.5 ± 14.5 | 67.8 ± 12.8 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | 0.26 | <0.0001 | |
| Female gender | 30 (39.0) | 25 (50.0) | 11 (55.0) | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.2 | 0.71 | 0.13 | |
| Educational Status | |||||||||
| None | 3 (3.9) | 13 (26.0) | 6 (30.0) | 0.0015 | 0.0017 | 0.001 | 0.15 | 0.0007 | |
| Primary | 25 (32.5) | 9 (18.0) | 8 (40.0) | ||||||
| Secondary | 38 (49.4) | 19 (38.0) | 3 (15.0) | ||||||
| Tertiary | 11 (14.3) | 8 (16.0) | 3 (15.0) | ||||||
| Location of residence | 0.9 | 0.98 | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.94 | ||||
| Rural | 3 (3.9) | 2 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| Semi-urban | 22 (28.6) | 15 (30.0) | 5 (25.0) | ||||||
| Urban | 52 (67.5) | 33 (66.0) | 15 (75.0) | ||||||
| Stroke type | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.52 | ||||
| Ischemic | 49 (63.6) | 32 (64.0) | 16 (80.0) | ||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 19 (24.7) | 9 (18.0) | 3 (15.0) | ||||||
| Unknown | 9 (11.7) | 9 (18.0) | 1 (5.0) | ||||||
| Duration of stroke (years) | |||||||||
| mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 4.3 | 1.7 ± 4.3 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.31 | |
| NIHSS, mean ± SD | 3.9 ± 4.9 | 6.9 ± 5.7 | 14.6 ± 7.8 | <0.0001 | 0.003 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| MRS, mean ± SD | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| Barthels Index | 92.7 ± 15.8 | 83.1 ± 18.0 | 39.5 ± 15.2 | <0.0001 | 0.002 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
| CES-D score | 18.7 ± 7.3 | 20.3 ± 5.8 | 19.5 ± 4.8 | 0.41 | 0.2 | 0.66 | 0.34 | 0.21 | |
| Vascular Risk Factors | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 71 (92.2) | 49 (98.0) | 18 (90.0) | 0.31 | 0.16 | 0.75 | 0.14 | 0.38 | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 17 (22.1) | 16 (32.0) | 8 (40.0) | 0.2 | 0.22 | 0.1 | 0.52 | 0.1 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 37 (48.1) | 18 (36.0) | 10 (50.0) | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.88 | 0.28 | 0.03 | |
| Alcohol intake | 25 (32.5) | 10 (20.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.06 | |
| Cigarette smoking | 5 (6.5) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.51 | 0.91 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.47 | |
| Physical inactivity | 33 (42.9) | 16 (32.0) | 3 (15.0) | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.05 | |
| Heart disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (15.0) | <0.0001 | 1 | 0.0006 | 0.005 | 0.07 | |
| BMI | 26.7 ± 8.0 | 27.5 ± 4.9 | 25.6 ± 4.8 | 0.60 | 0.90 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.60 | |
| HRQOLISP | |||||||||
| Physical domain | 18.9 ± 3.5 | 18.5 ± 3.3 | 17.2 ± 3.5 | 0.13 | 0.51 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.16 | |
| Psychosocial domain | 23.6 ± 3.9 | 21.3 ± 4.5 | 18.2 ± 3.4 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | |
| Cognitive domain | 21.1 ± 3.6 | 18.8 ± 3.8 | 14.7 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | |
| Eco-social domain | 29.2 ± 4.3 | 25.5 ± 4.0 | 21.7 ± 4.4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0007 | <0.0001 | |
A = Stroke with no VCI, B = VCI no dementia, C = Post-stroke Dementia, VCI = Vascular Cognitive Impairment, NIHSS