Table 3.
Potential Moderators of the Effect of Pregnancy of Risk for Drug Abuse
| Absent or Present |
Sample Sizes |
Rates of Drug Abuse | Difference | Interaction p value |
Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy | Control | |||||||
| General Potential Moderators | ||||||||
| Parental Education* | Low | 43,458 | 0.32% | 0.84% | 0.52% | 0.0260 | 0.19 | 0.15; 0.23 |
| Mid | 83,428 | 0.22% | 0.61% | 0.39% | 0.25 | 0.21; 0.30 | ||
| High | 7,967 | 0.20% | 0.36% | 0.16% | 0.34 | 0.23; 0.49 | ||
| Drug Abuse in Parents of Mother | No | 142,592 | 0.18% | 0.50% | 0.32% | 0.8701 | 0.22 | 0.19; 0.26 |
| Yes | 7,634 | 1.26% | 2.95% | 1.69% | 0.23 | 0.17; 0.31 | ||
| School Achievement (SD units)*** | −2.5 – −1.5 | 15,853 | 1.07% | 2.79% | 1.72% | 0.2856 | 0.21 | 0.18; 0.25 |
| −1.5 – −0.5 | 38,047 | 0.30% | 0.81% | 0.51% | 0.23 | 0.20; 0.26 | ||
| −0.5 – 0.5 | 58,622 | 0.09% | 0.28% | 0.19% | 0.25 | 0.20; 0.31 | ||
| 0.5 – 1.5 | 33,225 | 0.05% | 0.08% | 0.03% | 0.26 | 0.19; 0.37 | ||
| 1.5 – 2.5 | 4,479 | 0.09% | 0.04% | −0.05% | 0.28 | 0.18; 0.45 | ||
| Prior Crime (in Mother) | No | 139,408 | 0.11% | 0.33% | 0.22% | 0.1944 | 0.24 | 0.20; 0.29 |
| Yes | 10,818 | 1.81% | 4.43% | 2.62% | 0.20 | 0.16; 0.25 | ||
| Prior Drug Abuse (in Mother) | No | 146,420 | 0.08% | 0.26% | 0.18% | 0.1194 | 0.24 | 0.21; 0.30 |
| Yes | 3,806 | 6.38% | 14.74% | 8.36% | 0.20 | 0.16; 0.24 | ||
| Prior Psychiatric Diagnosis | No | 298,494 | 0.23% | 0.62% | 0.39% | 0.1501 | 0.23 | 0.20; 0.26 |
| Yes | 979 | 0.72% | 2.45% | 1.73% | 0.06 | 0.01; 0.38 | ||
| Age at Pregnancy | −25 | 73,828 | 0.34% | 0.97% | 0.63% | 0.1165 | 0.21 | 0.18; 0.25 |
| 25+ | 76,398 | 0.14% | 0.30% | 0.16% | 0.27 | 0.21; 0.35 | ||
| Married** | No | 119,325 | 0.27% | 0.72% | 0.45% | 0.6519 | 0.22 | 0.19; 0.26 |
| Yes | 14,870 | 0.14% | 0.37% | 0.23% | 0.19 | 0.10; 0.36 | ||
| Features of Cohabiting Biological Father’s Drug Abuse as Potential Moderators | ||||||||
| Prior Drug Abuse in Father | No | 124,408 | 0.03% | 0.13% | 0.10% | 0.0973 | 0.16 | 0.11; 0.23 |
| Yes | 5,960 | 1.90% | 4.68% | 2.78% | 0.23 | 0.18; 0.30 | ||
| Drug Abuse during Pregnancy in All Fathers | No | 129,700 | 0.05% | 0.19% | 0.14% | <0.0001 | 0.17 | 0.13; 0.22 |
| Yes | 668 | 12.13% | 19.11% | 6.98% | 0.35 | 0.26; 0.46 | ||
*
Parental education was used as a continuous term in the models, hence only one interaction term. The odds ratios in the far right column are an illustration of the odds ratios at different levels of parental education.
**
In the analyses of married people individuals that got married in the control or hazard period were excluded (for these individuals we could not separate if the effect is due to marriage or pregnancy)
***
SA was used as a continuous term in the models, hence only one interaction term. The odds ratios in the far right column are an illustration of the odds ratios at different levels of school achievement (−2, −1, 0, 1, 2).