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. 2017 Oct 2;7:12492. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12666-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Endothelial tubular formation in the presence of media from mast cells cultured in the IVD DCCM. Healthy and degenerate AF DCCM (p = 0.015), degenerate NP DCCM (p = 0.0002), and degenerate EP DCCM (p = 0.0002) all significantly down regulated endothelial tubular formation (N = 4). (B) Significant upregulation of VEGF secretion in mast cells exposed to AF DCCM and NP DCCM was observed compared to basal controls (p = 0.0066 and p = 0.046 respectively) (N = 3).