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. 2017 Oct 2;7:12515. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12984-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bioreactor Setup. A porous PEVA scaffold (A) was seeded with Caco-2 cells and fitted into the assembled 3-D printed bioreactor vessel (B) using the o-rings to seal it in place. After connection to influent and effluent tubing and the peristaltic pump, the device is placed inside the CO₂ incubator for 3–5 weeks (C). TEER measurements were taken daily by connecting the silver wires to chopstick electrodes and then to a voltohmmeter.