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. 2017 Sep 28;4:160. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00160

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Misoprostol pretreatment decreases tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated equine leukocytes. Equine leukocyte-rich plasma was pretreated with various concentrations of misoprostol or vehicle (0.05% DMSO) for 30 min, followed by stimulation with 100 ng/mL LPS or PBS for 2 h. mRNA was isolated, and levels of (A) TNFα, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-1β, and (D) IL-8 mRNA were quantified via real-time PCR with each sample assayed in triplicate. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM fold change in mRNA levels versus LPS-stimulated cells pretreated with the misoprostol vehicle (denoted as 0 µM misoprostol). **p < 0.001 and *p < 0.05 indicate a significant difference compared to LPS-stimulated cells pretreated with the misoprostol vehicle (black bar) via one-way RM ANOVA; n = 3.