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. 2017 Sep 28;4:161. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00161

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Copyright © 2017 Lin, Lo and Guilleminault.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Raw data of a representative subject during stage 2-NREM sleep with different presentations of the simultaneous esophageal manometry (Pes) and the nasal flow pressure recordings. The 90-s tracings from top to bottom were Pes, nasal pressure, RR intervals, photoplethysmography (PPG) signal. The PPG signals vary in relation to the respiratory efforts as do the RR components. High respiratory efforts associated with presence of upper airway resistance syndrome independent of “compensation” to the increased effort or already presence of flow limitation at analysis of the nasal flow curve contour is associated with significant increase in parasympathetic tone.