Table 3.
Central hemodynamics during handgrip exercise
| Control |
Acute Folic Acid Ingestion |
Chronic Folic Acid Ingestion |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 kg | 6 kg | 9 kg | 3 kg | 6 kg | 9 kg | 3 kg | 6 kg | 9 kg | |
| ΔHeart rate, beats/min | 3 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 6 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 3 ± 2 | 4 ± 1 |
| ΔMean arterial pressure, mmHg | 4 ± 1 | 5 ± 1 | 7 ± 1* | 3 ± 1 | 4 ± 1 | 6 ± 1* | 4 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 | 9 ± 3* |
| ΔCardiac output, l/min | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 |
| ΔStroke volume, ml | 1 ± 1† | −1 ± 2† | 0 ± 1† | 2 ± 1 | 5 ± 2 | 2 ± 1 | 1 ± 1† | 0 ± 2† | −1 ± 2† |
Values are expressed as means ± SE.
*
Main effect of exercise intensity, P < 0.05 vs. 3 kg;
†
main effect of condition, P ≤ 0.05 vs. acute folic acid ingestion.