Table 2.
Unadjusted association of selected diagnoses during the index hospital encounter with post-operative blood glucose levels [frequency (column %)].
| Postoperative blood glucose level | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 3586) |
Optimal1 (n = 2812) |
Suboptimal2 (n = 774) |
RR (95% CI) | p-value3 | ||||
| Acute problems | ||||||||
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 429 | (12.0) | 301 | (10.7) | 128 | (16.5) | 1.45 (1.24–1.71) | <.0001 |
| Acute renal failure | 277 | (7.7) | 171 | (6.1) | 106 | (13.7) | 1.89 (1.60–2.23) | <.0001 |
| Respiratory complications | 235 | (6.6) | 161 | (5.7) | 74 | (9.6) | 1.50 (1.23–1.84) | <.0001 |
| Chronic problems | ||||||||
| Anemia | 601 | (16.8) | 442 | (15.7) | 159 | (20.5) | 1.28 (1.10–1.49) | .001 |
| Chronic heart disease | 1698 | (47.4) | 1286 | (45.7) | 412 | (53.2) | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | .0002 |
| Coronary artery disease | 455 | (12.7) | 340 | (12.1) | 115 | (14.9) | 1.20 (1.01–1.42) | .04 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 744 | (20.8) | 519 | (18.5) | 225 | (29.1) | 1.56 (1.37–1.78) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes | 1638 | (45.7) | 1009 | (35.9) | 629 | (81.3) | 5.15 (4.36–6.10) | <.0001 |
| Infections | ||||||||
| Any infection4 | 573 | (16.0) | 396 | (14.1) | 177 | (22.9) | 1.55 (1.35–1.79) | <.0001 |
| Lower extremity cellulitis | 273 | (7.6) | 192 | (6.8) | 81 | (10.5) | 1.41 (1.16–1.72) | .0007 |
| Pneumonia | 70 | (2.0) | 46 | (1.6) | 24 | (3.1) | 1.60 (1.15–2.23) | .009 |
| Sepsis | 67 | (1.9) | 38 | (1.4) | 29 | (3.8) | 2.04 (1.54–2.70) | <.0001 |
| Surgical site infection | 82 | (2.3) | 55 | (2.0) | 27 | (3.5) | 1.54 (1.12–2.11) | .01 |
| Urinary tract infection | 97 | (2.7) | 66 | (2.4) | 31 | (4.0) | 1.50 (1.11–2.02) | .01 |
| Other infection | 211 | (5.9) | 148 | (5.3) | 63 | (8.1) | 1.41 (1.14–1.76) | .002 |
| Other complications | ||||||||
| Posthemorrhagic anemia | 261 | (7.3) | 194 | (6.9) | 67 | (8.7) | 1.20 (0.97–1.49) | .09 |
| Amputation (above/below knee) | 81 | (2.3) | 59 | (2.1) | 22 | (2.8) | 1.26 (0.88–1.81) | .21 |
| Post-operative medications | ||||||||
| Steroids | 258 | (7.2) | 172 | (6.1) | 86 | (11.1) | 1.61 (1.34–1.94) | <.0001 |
RR = relative risk; CI = confidence interval.
1
Optimal glycemic control (post-operative blood glucose levels between 80–180 mg/dl).
2
Suboptimal glycemic control (post-operative blood glucose > 180 mg/dl).
3
Chi-square comparison of having optimal vs. suboptimal post-operative glucose levels.
4
Any infection includes (LE cellulitis, pneumonia, sepsis, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and other infection).