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. 2017 Oct 1;8:78. doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0209-x

Table 8.

Insulin levels (μIU/mL) according to amount of supplement fed

Item Treatmenta SEM P-valueb
3.0 kg 1.5 kg 1.0 kg 0.0 kg L Q C
Pre-supplementation 1.68 1.50 1.18 1.13 0.43 0.13 0.79 0.63
Post-supplementation 2.20 1.48 1.33 1.25 0.38 0.03 0.21 0.13

aTreatments: 3.0 kg – cows received 3.0 kg of concentrate daily; 1.5 kg – cows received 1.5 kg of concentrate daily; 1.0 kg – cows received 1.0 kg of concentrate daily; and 0.0 kg – no concentrate supplement was fed

bL, Q and C – effects of linear, quadratic and cubic order of level of supplementation