Table 5.

Increased aqueous cytokine concentrations in patients with or without diabetic macular edema

Cytokine	DME (n = 55)	Non-DME (n = 46)	P
IL-6	50.65 ± 6.31	29.11 ± 13.40	<0.001*
IL-8	62.04 ± 17.65	36.38 ± 16.76	<0.001*
IP-10	54.43 ± 10.83	32.06 ± 11.67	<0.001*
LIF	13.81 ± 4.19	6.57 ± 3.46	<0.001*
HGF	1513.58 ± 183.90	814.42 ± 326.57	<0.001*
VEGF-A	445.40 ± 88.86	326.91 ± 61.29	<0.001*

Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (pg/ml)

DME diabetic macular edema, IL interleukin, IP interferon inducibleprotein, LIF leukaemia inhibitor factor, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

^* p < 0.05