Table 3.
Endogenous modulators.
| Compound | Effect | Subunit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropeptides | Dynorphin A, big dinorphin | ↓ decrease proton sensitivity of steady-state inactivation [65] | ASIC1a |
| FMRFamide and related mammalian FF amide peptides. | ↑ enhance the sustained current and slow down inactivation [225] | ASIC1a, ASIC1b, and ASIC3 | |
|
| |||
| Inflamatory mediators | Nerve grow factor (NGF) | ↑ ASIC3 expression associated with hyperalgesia [81] | ASIC3 |
| Bradiquinine | ↑ ASIC mRNA levels [81] | ASIC1a, 1b, 2b, and 3 | |
| Serotonin | ↑ ASIC3 sustained current [101] | ||
| Interleucine | ↑ ASIC mRNA [81] | ASIC1a, 1b, 2b, and 3 | |
| Arachidonic acid | ↑ peak current [106] | ||
| Nitric oxide (NO donors) | ↑ increase ASIC1a, 1b, and 3 current [55, 107] | ||
|
| |||
| Cations | Ca2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Gd3+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Ba2+ | ↓ decrease the ASIC conductance [160] | All subunits |
| Zn2+ | ↓↑ dual effect: at low concentration ↓ the current and high concentration ↑ the current [226] | ASIC1a, 1a-2a, and ASIC2a | |
| NH4+ | ↑ activate ASIC current at extracellular pH 7.4 [35] | ASIC1a | |
|
| |||
| Polyamines | Spermine | ↑ activity of ASICs by shifting the steady-state inactivation to more acid values [66] | ASIC1a and 1b |
| Agmantine and arcaine | ↑ activate ASIC3 current [82, 83] | ASIC3 | |
|
| |||
| Others | Lactate | ↑ ASIC current [63] | ASIC1a and 3 |
| ATP | ↑ pH sensitivity of ASIC3 [105] | ASIC3 | |
| Cl− | ↑ slow down the rapid desensitization of ASIC1a and maintains tachyphylaxis [227] | ASIC1a | |
| H2O2 | ↓ ASIC1a current [228] | ASIC1a | |