Fig. 4.

Schematic representation of the role of CK2 on MM-stroma-delivered signals. (a) CK2 sustains MM plasma cell survival through the activation of NF-ĸB, STAT3 and UPR. The activation of the kinase in BMSCs promotes the release of BM dependent signals (such as IL-6 or TNF-α) which in turn supports MM plasma cell survival. Moreover, CK2 sustains also osteoclast proliferation, pointing to a role of CK2 on MM-associated bone disease. (b) CK2 inactivation leads to MM osteoclast/BMSCs dependent plasma cell apoptosis