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. 2017 Sep 19;2017:4078346. doi: 10.1155/2017/4078346

Table 5.

Associations between miRNAs and cytokines in relation to cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance.

miRNA Related cytokines Effect Description
miR-34a
miR-21
miR-146
Proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin, IL, and Tumor Necrosis Factor, TNF) Upregulated miRNA levels with the increase in cytokine levels MIN6 cells induced with proinflammatory cytokines show a significant induction of miR-34a, miR-21, and miR-146 miRNAs and subsequent blockade of these miRNAs prevented cytokine induced reduction in GSIS and protected β-cells from cytokine induced cell death [25].

miR-103
miR-143
miR-107
TNF-α
(affects insulin and glucose metabolism, provokes insulin resistance, and stimulates lipolysis [26])
Downregulated miRNA levels with the increase in cytokine levels miR-103, miR-143, and miR-107 are induced in the process of adipogenesis, but after treatment of TNF-α their levels have shown to be reduced [25, 27].

miR-99a
miR-325
IL-6
(plays a controversial role in the development of insulin resistance and affects glucose metabolism [26])
Downregulated miRNA levels with the increase in cytokine levels miR-99a and miR-325 show a negative correlation with IL-6 concentration in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue [27].

miRNA-125a-5p IL-6
TNF-α
IL-2
Downregulated cytokine levels with the increase in miRNA-125a-5p miRNA-125a-5p mediates lipid uptake and decreases the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-2 [28].

miR-221
miR-222
TNF-α Upregulated miRNA levels with the increase in cytokine levels miR-221 and miR-222 correlate positively with TNF and negatively with adiponectin [29].