Table 3.

General characteristics of the 653 Ghanaian participants by tertiles of exploratory dietary patterns in 653 urban Ghanaians

Characteristics	“purchase” pattern score				“traditional” pattern score
	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p for trend	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p for trend
N	218	217	218		219	213	221
Age (years)	54.9 ± 13.2	47.7 ± 13.1	36.8 ± 14.0	<.0001	42.7 ± 16.4	47.3 ± 14.7	49.4 ± 14.2	<.0001
Sex (% male)	24.3	21.2	26.2	0.47	20.1	22.5	28.6	0.10
Diabetes family history (% yes)	24.3	25.4	26.2	0.91	29.7	23.0	23.2	0.19
Lipid-lowering drugs (% yes)	4.13	1.38	0	0.005	3.65	0.94	0.91	0.05
Prevalence of Hypertension	155	108	70	<.0001	88	123	122	0.0004
SES sum score	5.47 ± 2.58	7.20 ± 2.17	7.92 ± 1.59	<.0001	7.29 ± 2.23	6.75 ± 2.41	6.55 ± 2.45	0.002
Smoking (% current or quit)	6.9	2.8	3.7	0.09	3.6	4.7	5.0	0.77
Daily energy intake (kcal/d)	1934 ± 641	1898 ± 649	1902 ± 682	0.65	1756 ± 651	1883 ± 604	2097 ± 668	<.0001
Daily energy expenditure (kcal/d)	1342 (1104)	1289 (766)	1198 (632)	0.005	1237 (769)	1299 (716)	1267 (867)	0.67
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)	25.6 ± 5.22	26.6 ± 5.66	25.2 ± 5.09	0.23	25.6 ± 5.58	26.0 ± 5.28	25.8 ± 5.22	0.81
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.88 (0.10)	0.87 (0.08)	0.83 (0.11)	<.0001	0.85 (0.12)	0.87 (0.11)	0.87 (0.08)	0.0012
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	4.58 ± 0.70	4.57 ± 0.72	4.52 ± 0.71	0.39	4.51 ± 0.71	4.63 ± 0.77	4.52 ± 0.64	0.87
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.30 (0.91)	1.20 (0.64)	1.06 (0.63)	0.0001	1.07 (0.71)	1.21 (0.71)	1.24 (0.79)	0.06
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.36 ± 0.43	1.42 ± 0.37	1.41 ± 0.37	0.19	1.41 ± 0.39	1.38 ± 0.39	1.40 ± 0.39	0.60
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.19 (1.63)	3.97 (1.70)	3.87 (1.79)	0.10	3.97 (1.81)	3.96 (1.66)	4.11 (1.64)	0.99

Data were shown as means ± standard deviation for normally distributed metric variables, median (interquartile range) for metric variables for non-normal distribution and as percentage for categorical variables

HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, SES socio-economic status