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. 2016 Jul 21;8(3):283–299. doi: 10.1177/1947603516659344

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Gene expression profiles of AMSCs (human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells) in monolayer and high-density pellets cultures during chondrogenic differentiation. Cultures were subjected to analysis of chondrocyte specific markers by gene expression analysis using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction at the indicated times: days 0, 1, 7, and 14. D0 data represent baseline gene expression values obtained for cells expanded cells in monolayer (2D) immediately prior to plating as a pellet (3D) culture. (A, B, C, and D) AMSCs cultured in pellets significantly upregulated expression of chondrogenic markers ACAN, HAPLN1, SOX9, and COL2A1 when compared to monolayer culture. (E) Increased expression of the proliferation marker HIST2H4A was also observed in pellet cultures. (F) HIF1A expression was greater in AMSCs cultured in pellets over monolayer. Data have been presented as mean ± standard. Statistical difference was set to a P < 0.05 and has been indicated with an asterisk. *P < 0.05 compared to monolayer culture.