Fig. S3.

Orientation decoding using a standard forward model. Unlike the main analyses, this model does not take the noise covariance between MEG sensors into account (details are in SI Materials and Methods). (A) Orientation decoding within the localizer separately for our adapted forward model (in blue) and a standard forward model (in pink). Left shows mean decoding performance (shaded regions represent SEM), and Right shows T values over participants. (B) Temporal generalization matrices of orientation decoding during the main experiment. Same format as Fig. 3A using a suboptimal standard forward model rather than our adapted forward model. As expected, applying this less sensitive standard model to our main task data results in far less reliable decoding in the main task (note that the unexpected gratings are no longer significantly decoded at all; Middle). Decoding of the expected orientation (Bottom) is numerically still reflected by a horizontal stripe around training time 120–160 ms (indicated by the white box), but this effect is not statistically significant. This is likely because of the fact that the standard model is far less sensitive to neural orientation signals, as illustrated by A. Solid black lines indicate significant clusters (P < 0.05).