TABLE 1.
Calculated∗ nutrient composition of fortified preterm human milk
| Preterm HM + nHMF | Preterm HM + cHMF | ||||||
| 4 g fortifier alone | 4 g fortifier per 100 kcal milk | 4 g fortifier per 100 mL milk | 5 g fortifier alone | 5 g fortifier per 100 kcal milk | 5 g fortifier per 100 mL milk | Recommended intake range (per 100 kcal)† | |
| Nutrient | |||||||
| Energy, kcal | 17.4 | 100 | 84.6 | 17.4 | 100 | 84.5 | |
| Protein, g | 1.42 | 3.6 | 3.04 | 1.0 | 3.10 | 2.62 | 3.2–4.1 |
| Protein source | Partially hydrolyzed whey | Extensively hydrolyzed whey | |||||
| Fat, g | 0.72 | 5.00 | 4.23 | 0.02 | 4.16 | 3.52 | 4.4–6 |
| MCT, g | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| DHA, mg | 6.3 | 19.3 | 16.3 | 0 | 11.8 | 10.0 | (16.4–) 50–55 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 1.30 | 10.17 | 8.60 | 3.30 | 12.53 | 10.60 | 10.5–12 |
| Carbohydrate source | Maltodextrin | Lactose and maltodextrin | |||||
| Calcium, mg | 76 | 119 | 101 | 75 | 118 | 100 | 109–182 |
| Phosphorus, mg | 44 | 69 | 58 | 45 | 70 | 59 | 55–127 |
| Magnesium, mg | 4.0 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 7.3–13.6 |
| Sodium, mg | 36.7 | 76.5 | 64.7 | 20.0 | 56.8 | 48.0 | 63–105 |
| Potassium, mg | 48.4 | 116.4 | 98.4 | 42.0 | 108.8 | 92.0 | 71–177 |
| Chloride, mg | 32.1 | 106.6 | 90.1 | 17.0 | 88.7 | 75.0 | 95–161 |
| Iron, mg | 1.80 | 2.23 | 1.89 | 1.30 | 1.64 | 1.39 | 1.8–2.7 |
| Zinc, mg | 0.94 | 1.55 | 1.31 | 0.80 | 1.38 | 1.17 | 1.3–2.3 |
| Manganese, μg | 8.08 | 9.98 | 8.44 | 5.00 | 6.34 | 5.36 | 0.9–13.6 |
| Copper, mg | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09–0.21 |
| Iodine, μg | 16.9 | 36.6 | 30.9 | 15.0 | 34.3 | 29.0 | 9–50 |
| Selenium, μg | 3.7 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 4.5–9 |
| Vitamin A, IU | 1183 | 1754 | 1483 | 500 | 946 | 800 | 1217–3333 |
| Vitamin D, IU | 150 | 187 | 158 | 100 | 128 | 108 | 100–350 |
| Vitamin E, IU | 4.4 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.2–11.1 |
| Vitamin K, μg | 8.0 | 9.8 | 8.3 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 4–25 |
| Thiamin, mg | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.13–0.27 |
| Riboflavin, mg | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.18–0.36 |
| Vitamin B6, mg | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05–0.27 |
| Vitamin B12, μg | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.09–0.73 |
| Niacin, mg | 1.50 | 2.02 | 1.71 | 0.80 | 1.19 | 1.01 | 0.9–5 |
| Folic acid, μg | 40.0 | 51.0 | 43.1 | 40.0 | 51.0 | 43.1 | 32–91 |
| Pantothenic acid, mg | 0.70 | 1.10 | 0.93 | 0.40 | 0.74 | 0.63 | 0.45–1.9 |
| Biotin, μg | 3.50 | 4.78 | 4.04 | 3.00 | 4.19 | 3.54 | 1.5–15 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 20.0 | 28.9 | 24.4 | 10.0 | 17.0 | 14.4 | 18–50 |
| Osmolality‡, mOsm/kg | 390 | 441 | |||||
cHMF = control human milk fortifier; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; HM = human milk; nHMF = new human milk fortifier; MCT = medium chain triglycerides.
*Calculated based on preterm human milk composition from Tsang et al, 2005 (22).
†Recommended nutrient intakes for fully enterally fed preterm very low birth weight infants (19).
‡Measured immediately after fortification at room temperature (25°C).