Table 3.

Risk behaviors and protective factors of Transgender & Gender Non-Conforming participants in the Minnesota Student Survey, stratified by birth-assigned sex (N=2168)

	Assigned male (n=684)		Assigned female (n=1457)
Risk Behaviors	n	%	n	%	p*
Substance use (past 30 days)
Smoked cigarettes	83	14.6	212	15.6	.611
Drank alcohol	141	24.6	313	23.0	.456
Binge drinking	92	16.1	125	9.2	<001
Smoked marijuana	114	20.1	219	16.2	.040
Sexual behaviors
Ever had sex	187	33.2	378	28.6	.046
≥2 partners (past year)	102	18.1	190	14.4	.039
No condom at last sex	84	45.7	203	54.4	.051
No birth control at last sex	76	43.2	146	39.7	.436
Intoxicated at last sex	59	31.7	65	17.2	<.001
Emotional distress
Depressive symptoms (≥3)	246	41.6	896	64.9	<.001
Self-harm (past year)	224	38.1	845	62.5	<.001
Suicidal ideation (ever)	241	40.9	944	69.9	<.001
Suicide attempt (ever)	134	22.9	467	34.4	<.001
Bullying victimization (past 30 days)
Physical	188	29.5	332	23.2	.002
Relational	268	42.3	812	56.7	<.001
Cyber	153	23.5	424	29.6	.004
Prejudice-based re: gender	159	25.0	563	39.5	<.001
Prejudice-based re: gender expression	234	36.8	731	51.2	<.001
Protective factors	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p^
Internal assets (range: 1–4)	2.67	0.71	2.51	0.56	<.001
Family connectedness (range: 1–5)	3.68	1.06	3.46	0.90	<.001
Student-teacher relationships (range=1–4)	2.84	0.66	2.69	0.59	<.001
Feel safe in community (range=1–4)	3.23	0.73	3.18	0.62	.129

^*chi-square tests of associations were used for all risk factors.

^{^}t-tests were used for all protective factors.