Association between co-prescription of gabapentin and opioids and opioid overdose, adjusted for age, opioid dose, medication use in the prior 120 days (pregabalin, SSRIs, other antidepressants, benzodiazepines, other psychotropic drugs/CNS depressants, long-acting opioid, methadone/buprenorphine), number of drugs dispensed in the past 6 months, alcohol use disorder, chronic lung disease, diabetes, Charlson Comorbidity Index, number of opioid prescribers in the past 6 months, and number of pharmacies dispensing opioids in the past 6 months. Neutral exposure model (NSAIDs) is also adjusted for gabapentin use in prior 120 days. NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.