Lm ESX-1 secretion system is detrimental for in vivo infection. Bacterial counts for the WT, ΔesxA, ΔesxB and ΔessC strains, in spleens and livers of BALB/c mice (n = 5), 72h after (A) intravenous infection with 104 bacteria or (B) oral infection with 109 bacteria. Data are presented as scatter plots, which each animal represented by a dot and the mean is indicated by a horizontal line. *, p ≤ 0.05.