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. 2016 Nov 10;8(6):821–847. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1258507

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© 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 1. — Phagosomal escape of F. tularensis. J774 cells were infected with F. tularensis at an MOI of 1,000 for 2 h and, after washing, incubated for another 6 h before they were fixed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (A) Electron micrographs of infected J774 cells were acquired with a JEOL JEM 1230 Transmission Electron Microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Black arrows indicate vacuolar membranes surrounding intracellular bacteria. (B) Bacteria were divided into one of 4 categories based on the membrane integrity of the surrounding vacuolar membrane. Micrographs in (A) illustrate the categories “Cytoplasm” (LVS and ΔiglE/E) or “Intact phagosome” (ΔiglE and ΔiglC).