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. 2016 Nov 10;8(6):821–847. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1258507

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© 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.

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Figure 9. — TNF-α secretion of F. tularensis infected macrophages. Uninfected J774 cells or cells infected with F. tularensis at an MOI of 500 for 2 h were washed and subsequently incubated in the presence of E. coli-derived LPS (50 ng/ml) for an additional 2 h. The average TNF-α secretion in % compared with LVS, which was set as 100 %, and the SD of quadruple samples (n = 4) from 2 or more representative experiments, are shown. The asterisks indicate that the cytokine levels were significantly different than those of LVS-infected cells as determined by a 2-sided t-test with equal variance, including the Bonferroni correction for multiple pair-wise comparisons (*, P ≤ 0.05; ***, P ≤ 0.001).