Table 3.

Serum cotinine and urinary total NNAL by tobacco product use pattern categories among tobacco users, NHANES 1999–2012

	CIG	NCC	NC	NCC&NC	CIG&NC	CIG&NCC	POLY
Cotinine (ng/mL)
N	7277	602	521	18	98	169	13
Means
Arithmetic (95% CI)	204.8 (199.2–210.1)	86.1 (99.3–99.3)	322.0 (289.3–354.6)	266.1 (120.4–411.8)	229.8 (199.3–260.3)	192.3 (169.0–215.6)	136.5 (50.0–222.9)
Geometric
Unadjusted (95% CI)	125.5 (118.6–132.8)	14.5 (10.9–19.3)	174.6 (141.7–215.1)	110.1 (39.9–303.9)	182.2 (146.8–226.1)	129.0 (105.1–158.5)	44.0 (10.01–193.0)
Adjusted (95% CI)	94.0 (87.6–100.7)	9.7 (7.4–12.7)	111.0 (89.2–138.2)	70.0 (31.1–157.7)b	156.2 (125.2–194.8)ac	102.8 (83.4–126.6)b	38.6 (8.9–167.4)
NNAL
N	3238	270	228	8	46	67	7
Arithmetic (ng/mL) (95% CI)	0.37 (0.3–0.4)	0.2 (0.2–0.3)	1.7 (1.3–2.2)	--	0.87 (0.6–1.1)	0.52 (0.4–0.7)	--
Arithmetic (pg/mL) (95% CI)	368.8 (332-7–405.1)	204.4 (131.6–277.1)	1321.8 (1029.7–1613.9)	--	575.2 (370.3–780.0)	304.5 (222.4–386.5)	--
Geometric (pg/mL)
Unadjusted (95% CI)	195.7 (173.9–220.2)	43.9 (29.6–60.1)	538.2 (417.1–694.4)	--	348.5 (204.1–595.0)	196.1 (138.9–277.0)	--
Adjusted (95% CI)	143.3 (132.0–155.6)	36.6 (25.5–52.7)	397.6 (302.8–522.3)	--	402.3 (260.2–621.9)a	197.7 (155.5–251.4)ab	--

Note: CIG=cigarettes only; NCC=non-cigarette combustibles only; NC=non-combustibles only; NCC&NC=dual non-cigarette combustibles and non-combustible; CIG&NC=dual cigarettes and non-combustibles; CIG&NCC=dual cigarettes and non-cigarette combustibles; POLY=poly-tobacco. NNAL= total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. Adjusted estimates are adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Tobacco product use in dual and poly-tobacco use T-PUPs were compared to corresponding single product category T-PUPs (e.g., CIG&NC, CIG&NCC, and POLY were compared to CIG). Urinary total NNAL estimates were adjusted for urinary creatinine.

^a, p < 0.05, reference=CIG;

^bp < 0.05, reference=NCC;

^cp < 0.05, reference=NC.